Black Boy :: Essays Papers

Black Boy2Black Boy, Richard Wrights autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richards rebellion against authority, an important motif in Black Boy. At the time, Richard was restless and resentful of his mothers injunction of silence. Richard by the way burned down his grandparents house in his onset to find something to occupy his time. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly he lost consciousness.When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richards constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his absent father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richards mother, would desperately attempt to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of institute often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with ni ckels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings proved ineffective in breaking her son of his growing obsession with alcohol, Ella engaged the babysitting service of an older black woman in the neighborhood.Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggies husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the proprietor of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough nutrition to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stability was not destined to last. The local anaesthetic whites were jealous of Hoskinss profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ellas combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with Professor Matthews, a wanted man. Ella and the childr en fled to the North after Matthews killed a white woman Ella once again had to work alone to provide for herself and her children.Ellas health began to deteriorate. Lacking rent money, she and her sons were forced to move several times. A paralytic stroke disabled her, so Richard was forced to redeem to his grandmother for help. Ellas siblings gave what help they could, but none of them could take on the responsibility for both of her children. Richards grandmother took on the responsibility for caring for Ella.

Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead Essay -- essays research papers

Ayn Rands The Fountainhead presented an egoist character, Howard Roark, and portrayed him to what society needs, but unwilling to admit the necessitate. Roarks meaning of life differed from the others he associated with, which left him isolated toward them, but benefited his remarkable success in architecture. Passion, devotion, and hard work stranded Howard throughout his career even with the discouraging incidents brought to him by the devious characters, Peter Keating and Ellsworth Toohey. several(prenominal) characters appealed to Roarks lifestyle and work ethic, Gail Wynand, Dominique Francon, and Austin Heller. When Howard acquainted with his true friends, his philosophical meaning of life erupted out of him easily, contrast to everyone else associated with him, providing them with an encouraging sense of belonging. Howard Roark opened up to the man told to be his arch enemy, Gail Wynand. Wynand became fascinated with Roarks ability of surviving the brutal world of architectu re in a strong but convinced(p) manner. When Wynand and Roark visited the country house, Roark displayed the branch he tore off a tree and compared it to the somatic that the earth provides everyone and their duty states to make something of it the work of the individual who makes something of it proves how powerful the material (the branch in Roarks words) would appear. Howards words, Now I can make what I want of it a bow, a spear, a cane, a railing, think of that an ind...

College Admissions Essay: Making the Connections :: College Admissions Essays

Making the Connections The human race is immortal. There is nothing that forces us to decay into old get on and die, this is merely our body destroying itself once our purpose ( reproduction ) is complete. Evolution not lonesome(prenominal) if did not bother to select against genes that put to death off people past 40, but to some degree selected for such genes the faster we go through generations, the faster we evolve. If the genes that cause the changes we associate with old suppurate were suppressed in some chemical way, we would be capable of eternal life. Another way to immortality would involve the building of a biomechanical body of some sort, something chasten out of a Terminator movie, that would support the brain with only the chemicals necessary to survival ( if we could determine which those be ) and thus avoid the effect of aging genes. each(prenominal) of this genetic, biochemical and hydraulic research would be based on knowledge gained in college. One other thing weve all heard of cults that claim they live with discovered immortality in some way, which supposedly extradite members whove lived 200 course of instructions. If theres even a shred of truth in any of that, my guess is that these 200 course of study veterans have managed to order their minds in some way ( through some arcane style of thinking perhaps ) that erased the biological clock. any in all, immortality is only one small thing that humans might be capable of. The strange abilities seen in autistic people, like incredible number crunching speed, really are not unique to autistic people. These abilities are buried deep in everyones subconscious, and it is just a matter of our minds letting us use them or not. In fact, I think that along with those mathematical abilities are buried many more abilities. I feel sure that among them is perfect coordination, and there might be some really strange psychic or time-related abilities as well. The subconscious is driven by its creator, evolution. It is only concerned with reproduction. Evolution has erected a barrier amid ourselves and our potential, and lets ability seep through to those who have desirable traits and are intended to reproduce.College Admissions Essay Making the Connections College Admissions Essays Making the Connections The human race is immortal. There is nothing that forces us to decay into old age and die, this is merely our body destroying itself once our purpose ( reproduction ) is complete. Evolution not only did not bother to select against genes that pop off people past 40, but to some degree selected for such genes the faster we go through generations, the faster we evolve. If the genes that cause the changes we associate with old age were suppressed in some chemical way, we would be capable of eternal life. Another way to immortality would involve the building of a biomechanical body of some sort, something powerful out of a Terminator movie, that would support the brain with only the chemicals necessary to survival ( if we could determine which those are ) and thus avoid the effect of aging genes. All of this genetic, biochemical and hydraulic research would be based on knowledge gained in college. One other thing weve all heard of cults that claim they have discovered immortality in some way, which supposedly have members whove lived 200 years. If theres even a shred of truth in any of that, my guess is that these 200 year veterans have managed to order their minds in some way ( through some arcane style of thinking perhaps ) that erased the biological clock. All in all, immortality is only one small thing that humans might be capable of. The strange abilities seen in autistic people, like incredible number crunching speed, really are not unique to autistic people. These abilities are buried deep in everyones subconscious, and it is just a matter of our minds letting us use them or not. In fact, I think that along with those mathematical abilities are buried many more abilities. I feel sure that among them is perfect coordination, and there might be some really strange psychic or time-related abilities as well. The subconscious is driven by its creator, evolution. It is only concerned with reproduction. Evolution has erected a barrier between ourselves and our potential, and lets ability seep through to those who have desirable traits and are intended to reproduce.

Relationship Between Surface Area and Rate Of Reaction Essay -- GCSE C

An Experiment To Investigate The Relationship Between Surface realm and Rate Of ReactionIntroductionThe rate of reaction (reaction velocity) may be defined as the rate ofchange of concentration of a stated reactant or product. The rate of areaction is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up perunit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. Areaction foot be made to go faster or slower by changing a digit offactors. In order for a reaction to occur certain things arenecessary particles must collide with each other and the collisionmust find enough energy for the reaction to occur. If this happens theoriginal bonds are broken and new bonds are formed - so that newproducts are formed. Successful collisions (those with sufficientenergy) can be increased (or decreased) by a number of factors.These key variables consist of temperature, concentration, surface orbital cavity and use of and type of a catalyst. To examine the relationship among the rate of reaction and surface area I must choose to vary notwithstanding surface area keeping the other variables constant.Surface area of solid - The surface area has an effect on the rate ofreaction. If the solid has a large surface area per unit mass then in that respect are more opportunities for collisions to occur between the solidand liquid. This is because there is more chance for collisions tooccur. If the surface area per unit mass is small, collision can onlyoccur with the outer atoms and is therefore limited. The diagram belowillustrates thisThis relationship is proportional i.e. as one doubles so does theother.The temperature of the reaction - When the temperature is low, theparticles in the reaction do not nourish much energy and move slowly socollision... ...nes whichcan be explained by the fact that the surface area of the chips wasconstantly changing throughout the reaction, as it was reacted withthe acid, and so did the surface area to volume ratio. Also as themarble was used up the reaction would slow, as there would be lessmarble remaining to react with the acid reducing the chances of acollision occurring. The evidence is sufficient to imply that myhypothesis is correct but I think to prove it successfully furtherevidence would be necessary.I could have checked the rates of reactions I produced as a result ofmy look into by carrying out a different test. If I had examined myresults by doing a test measuring the mass change of the calciumcarbonate I could have checked that I came up with sufficientlysimilar final rates of reaction, however I did not have time for thisor to use a wider range of values.

The New Bankruptcy Law Essay -- essays research papers

Bankruptcy has been the answer to extremely troubling and difficult financial times for many spate in America. Many individuals, for one reason or another, have found it to be the new start in life that they desperately needed. Unfortunately, unsuccessful person has similarly served as a crutch to many as well, allowing them to relinquish debt that they were completely capable, however selfishly unwilling, to pay. As with any law, or policy, Americans are forced to accept the intelligent with the bad, choosing which outweighs the other. In an effort to combat the increasingly growing abuse of the bankruptcy laws in our system today President George Bush has signed into law a new bill that many hope will help to alleviate much of this.Bankruptcy laws began to surface in the United States in the early 1800s. initially being created to temporarily relieve bad economic conditions caused by land disputes, community panic, and then, finally, the Civil War. During this time there was l ittle protection for the consumer that found their individual(prenominal) life in financial ruin. Prior to the creation of Bankruptcy laws debtors were severely punished by loss of property, or in some places imprisonment, if they were unable to refund a debt they owed. The idea of a Bankruptcy law was promising for society, however, these laws all did very little to protect the debtor and where repealed shortly after being created. As the need increased, to a greater extent bankruptcy laws were later created that would better serve to protect the public debtor whether they were individuals or business that required aide for debt relief. It was the Bankruptcy tidy Act of 1978 that was passed in 1978 that served substantially revamp bankruptcy practices. Two major changes occurred for the bankruptcy act the first, Chapter 11, which would prove to be a strong business shake-up Chapter, and the second, Chapter 13, which replaced the old Chapter 13 allowing individual access to a mo re powerful personal bankruptcy. In general, the Reform Act of 1978 made it easier for both businesses and individuals to file for bankruptcy and to reorganize their assets. Of course, this wasnt the end for reformation concerning the bankruptcy bill. Beginning with President Bill Clinton, in the mid 1990s, a need for reform regarding bankruptcy policies has continuously been recognized... ...de. It is a great idea to place more stringent laws on bankruptcy codes, but there must be room for adjustment when finical circumstances arise in a case. Rarely is the cause of a situation of financial difficulty that a family endures either viewable in vague or white, and the new bill must take this into consideration. Although many, Im sure, abuse bankruptcy laws, there is an overwhelming amount of proof that many more have used the law in the manner that it was created for. I guess you could say that I have no real solution to the problem and I can only suggest further study in the matt er. We as a nation must remember that the decisions we make, or allow others to have the post to make on our behalf, effect everyone in our society, and not just a select few so they must be well thought out, and preceding(prenominal) all, FAIR. Referenceshttp//www.bankruptcylawfirms.com/History-Bankruptcy.cfmhttp//msnbc.msn.com/id/7494698/http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4597532http//money.cnn.com/2005/04/18/pf/saving/willis_tips/http//www.ftc.gov/http//www.firstgov.gov/www.abiworld.orghttp//www.post-trib.com/cgi-bin/pto-story/business/z1/04-10-05_z1_busi_1.html

The New Bankruptcy Law Essay -- essays research papers

loser has been the answer to extremely troubling and difficult financial times for galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) people in America. Many individuals, for one reason or another, collapse rear it to be the new start in life that they desperately needed. Unfortunately, nonstarter has also served as a crutch to many as well, allowing them to relinquish debt that they were completely capable, however selfishly unwilling, to pay. As with any lawfulness, or policy, Americans are forced to put on the good with the bad, choosing which outweighs the other. In an effort to combat the increasingly growing abuse of the nonstarter laws in our system today President George Bush has signed into law a new bill that many hope will help to alleviate much of this.Bankruptcy laws began to surface in the United States in the archaean 1800s. Initially beingness created to temporarily relieve bad economic conditions caused by land disputes, community panic, and then, finally, the Civil War. During this time there was little protection for the consumer that found their personal life in financial ruin. Prior to the creation of Bankruptcy laws debtors were severely punished by loss of property, or in some places imprisonment, if they were futile to repay a debt they owed. The idea of a Bankruptcy law was promising for society, however, these laws all did very little to protect the debtor and where repealed shortly after being created. As the need increased, more bankruptcy laws were later created that would better serve to protect the public debtor whether they were individuals or telephone line that required aide for debt relief. It was the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 that was passed in 1978 that served substantially revamp bankruptcy practices. Two major changes occurred for the bankruptcy act the first, Chapter 11, which would prove to be a strong business reorganization Chapter, and the second, Chapter 13, which replaced the old Chapter 13 allowing individua l access to a more powerful personal bankruptcy. In general, the Reform Act of 1978 made it easier for both businesses and individuals to lodge for bankruptcy and to reorganize their assets. Of course, this wasnt the end for reformation concerning the bankruptcy bill. Beginning with President Bill Clinton, in the mid 1990s, a need for reform regarding bankruptcy policies has continuously been recognized... ...de. It is a great idea to place more stringent laws on bankruptcy codes, but there must be room for adaption when special circumstances arise in a case. Rarely is the cause of a situation of financial difficulty that a family endures either viewable in black or white, and the new bill must take this into consideration. Although many, Im sure, abuse bankruptcy laws, there is an overwhelming amount of proof that many more have used the law in the manner that it was created for. I guess you could say that I have no real solution to the job and I can only suggest further study i n the matter. We as a nation must remember that the decisions we make, or allow others to have the authority to make on our behalf, effect everyone in our society, and not just a select few so they must be well theme out, and above all, FAIR. Referenceshttp//www.bankruptcylawfirms.com/History-Bankruptcy.cfmhttp//msnbc.msn.com/id/7494698/http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4597532http//money.cnn.com/2005/04/18/pf/saving/willis_tips/http//www.ftc.gov/http//www.firstgov.gov/www.abiworld.orghttp//www.post-trib.com/cgi-bin/pto-story/business/z1/04-10-05_z1_busi_1.html

Description Essay

During my sequence as a child, I remember visiting so many places with my family throughout Southern California. One of the best memories was when I visited Lake Arrowhead. Located in the beautiful mountains of San Bernardino, Lake Arrowhead is a tiny city where every family would enjoy living in. Not wholly is Lake Arrowhead Village a great place to live but great place to enjoy natures beauty at any time of the day. I remember Lake Arrowhead for its beautiful conniption, it is family-oriented, and it has many open-air(prenominal) activities.While visiting Lake Arrowhead in the winter time, I fell head over heels with the beautiful scenery that nature brought upon my eyes. As I arrived to the house in the evening, I breasted up and I was able to see the stars that lit up the sky above me. As I walk trim down to the lake, I was able to hear the crickets chirping and the owls hooting as they hear the crackling of the snow that Im stepping upon. As I look through the horizon of t he snow, I saw the never ending slope f all(prenominal)ing towards the lake that app bently was frozen. As I sat on one of the unthaw steps, I looked up once again, and I see the beautiful full moon sitting on a cloud. The stars shined even brighter when the moon glistened its light down to Earth. The lake lookedreally calm and I only saw a couple of ripples being caused by a female duck and her ducklings swimming in the substance of the lake.In the morning when I looked outside the window, the sun shined beautifully through the icicles that dangled down the side of the house. When I drove down to the city, you can see the cities that argon at sea level. As I continued looking down, I see the clouds climbing up the mountains. And as I reach out of the cars window, I can feel the refreshing mist that touches my fingertips. The scenery of the cities down below cant no longer be seen because of the clouds the concealing the scene like a blanket that stretches miles away across the sky. While walking through the forest, the leaves kept falling one by one. As the shadow approaches once again, the sunset looks like if someone painted it precisely to appear like an orange-ish and purple like sky as it gets darker every second it passes. likewise having beautiful scenery, Lake Arrowhead is family-oriented. While spending the weekend in Lake Arrowhead, I got to spend plenty of time with my family. In The Lake Arrowhead Village my family and I got to eat in a Mexican oriented restaurant called Papagayos. While eating in Papagayos, I got to talk with my family about many situations that we never had spoken about. For instance, I talked about what I thought I should do as my career. My family supported my decision and is helping me get to it. We also got a chance to explore their outdoor mall.There are many events in The Lake Arrowhead Village that are family oriented, such as family talent shows. Every Saturday, there is a competion for almost everything. There are times where they unsolved up a fair close to the village for the weekend. Me and my brothers got to play many of the games and won many prizes. In Lake Arrowhead, there are many fun activities all over for families to enjoy their time no matter in what season we are in.Besides having a beautiful scenery and being family-oriented, Lake Arrowhead has many types of outdoor activities throughout the entire year. During spring time, you can jog for miles while enjoying the warm sun rays hitting your back. You can also hike between make of the resorts that go out mountains that are safe to climb. During the summer time, you can enjoy your time playing many sports such as volleyball. You can also spend your time onyour private boat and swim in the lake whenever there are heatwaves. Many people get their tan whenever the sun is really bright. In fall,

3d Printing Essay

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGYContents1. Introduction2. History Of 3D belief3. Current 3D Printing Technologies4. The Basic Process Of 3D Printing5. 3D Printing VS Conventional Technologies6. Applications7. ConclusionIntroduction3Dimensions produce is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into a visible goal. 3D publish is a category of rapid prototyping technology. 3D newspaperwomans typically work by printing successive spirit levels on top of the previous to build up a three dimensional object. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of new manufacturing technologies that build set outs on a course of action-by-layer basis. Using these technologies, manufacturing time for parts of virtually any complexity is reduced considerably. In other words, it is rapid. speedy Prototyping Technologies and Rapid Manufacturing offer great potential for producing models and unparalleled parts for manufacturing constancy. A few years ago, to get some prototyping work d integrity for a carrefour or propose you be on the job(p) on, you be inevit fitting to spend a lot of man-hours just to come up with the model. Those hours pass on be spent creating miniature parts of your design utilise woods and becaexercising gluing all those parts in concert painstakingly. Prototyping is, at the very least, time-consuming and extremely tedious. These days, however, you female genital organ take the tediousness and the time investment out of your prototyping tasks by means of rapid prototyping or 3d printing. 3D printing is a revolutionary method for creating 3D models with the use of inkjet technology. Many engineers have even dubbed 3D printing as the shape of creating something out of nothing. Thus, the reliability of products sack up be increased investment of time and money is less risky. Not everything that is thinkable at present is already workable or available at a reasonable price, but this technology is fast evolving andthe better the challenges, the better for this developing sue. The term Rapid prototyping (RP) refers to a class of technologies that can automatically construct physical models from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. It is a free form fabrication technique by which a total object of prescribed shape, dimension and finish can be directly generated from the CAD based geometrical model stored in a estimator, with little human intervention. Rapid prototyping is an additive process, combining layers of paper, jump on, or plastic to create a unattackable object. In contrast, most machining processes (milling, drilling, grinding, etc.) argon subtractive processes that remove material from a solid block. RPs additive nature allows it to create objects with complicated internal features that cannot be manufactured by other means. In addition to epitomes, RP techniques can likewise be used to make tooling (referred to as rapid tooling) and even production-quality parts (rapid manufacturing). For small production ru ns and complicated objects, rapid prototyping is often the best manufacturing process available. Of course, rapid is a relative term. Most prototypes require from three to seventy-two hours to build, depending on the size and complexity of the object. This whitethorn seem slow, but it is much alacritous than the weeks or months required to make a prototype by traditional means such(prenominal) as machining. These dramatic time savings allow manufacturers to bring products to market faster and much cheaply.3D PRINTING MAKING THE DIGITAL REALImagine a future in which a device connected to a computing device can print a solid object. A future in which we can have tangible goods as well as intangible run delivered to our desktops or extravagantlystreet shops all over the Internet. And a future in which the everyday atomization of virtual objects into hard reality has turned the mass pre-production and stock-holding of a wide assert of goods and spare parts into no more than an h istorical legacy. Such a future may sound like it is being plucked from the worlds of Star Trek. However, whilst conveyor belt devices that can instantaneously deliver us to remote locations may remain a fantasy, 3D printers capable of outputting physical objects have been in development for over two decades. Whats more, several 3D printers are already on the market. Available from companies including Fortus, 3D Systems, Solid Scape, ZCorp, and Desktop Factory, these amazing devices produce solid, 3D objects from computer data in roughly thesame way that 2D printers take our digital images and output hardcopy photos. History Of 3D PrintingThe technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was depression developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986.While Stereo lithography systems had become popular by the end of 1980s, other resembling technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling ( FDM) and Selective laser Sintering (SLS) were introduced.In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented another technology, named 3 Dimensional Printing techniques, which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D Printers.In 1996, three major(ip) products, Genisys from Stratasys, Actua 2100 from 3D Systems and Z402 from Z Corporation were introduced.In 2005, Z Corp. throwed a breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510, whichwas the first high definition color 3D Printer in the market.Another breakthrough in 3D Printing occurred in 2006 with the initiation of an unresolved source project, named Reprap, which was aimed at developing a self-replicating 3D printer. 3. Current 3D Printing TechnologiesMost commercially available rapid prototyping machines use one of six techniques. At present, trade restrictions severely limit the import/export of rapid prototyping machines, so this guide yet covers systems available in the U.S. 3.1 Stereo lithographyPatented in 1986 , stereolithography started the rapid prototyping revolution. The technique builds three-dimensional models from liquid photosensitive polymers that solidify when unfastened to ultraviolet light. As carryn in the figure below, the model is built upon a platform situated just below the start in a vat of liquid epoxy or acrylate resin. A low-power highly focused UV laser traces out the first layer, solidifying the models cross section small-arm going away surfeit areas liquid. Next, an elevator incrementally lowers the platform into the liquid polymer. A sweeper re-coats the solidified layer with liquid, and the laser traces the second layer atop the first. This process is repeated until the prototype is plump. afterwardwards, the solid part is removed from the vat and rinsed clean of excess liquid.Supports are broken off and the model is then placed in an ultraviolet oven for complete curing. Because it was the first technique, stereolithography is regarded as a benchmark by which other technologies are judged. Early stereolithography prototypes were fairly brittle and prone to curing-induced warpage and distortion, but recent modifications have generally corrected these problems.Fig 2.1Stereo lithography3.2 Laminated Object ManufacturingIn this technique, developed by Helisys of Torrance, CA, layers of adhesive-coated sheet material are bonded together to form a prototype.. As shown in the figure below.Fig2.2 Schematic diagram of laminated object manufacturing. A feeder/collector mechanism advances the sheet over the build platform, where a base has been constructed from paper and double-sided froth tape. Next, a heated roller applies pressure to bond the paper to the base. A focused laser cuts the outline of the first layer into the paper and then cross-hatches the excess area (the negative space in the prototype). Cross-hatching breaks up the extra material, making it easier to remove during post-processing. During the build, the excess material pr ovides excellent support for overhangs and thin-walled sections. After the first layer is cut, the platform lowers out of the way and fresh material is advanced. The platform rises to slightly below the previous height, the roller bonds the second layer to the first, and the laser cuts the second layer. This process is repeated as needed to build the part, which will have a wood-like texture. Because the models are made of paper, they must be sealed and finished with paint or varnish to prevent moisture damage. Helisys developed several new sheet materials, including plastic, water-repellent paper, and ceramic and metal powder tapes. The powder tapes produce a super C part that must be sintered for maximum strength. As of 2001, Helisys is no longer in business.3.3 Selective Laser SinteringDeveloped by Carl Deckard for his masters thesis at the University of Texas, selective laser sintering was patented in 1989. The technique, shown in Fig,uses a laser beam to selectively fuse powde red materials, such as nylon, elastomer, and metal, into a solid object. Parts are built upon a platform which sits just below the surface in a bin of the heat-fusable powder. A laser traces the pattern of the first layer, sintering it together. The platform is lowered by the height of the next layer and powder is reapplied. This process continues until the part is complete. Excess powder in individually layer helps to support the part during the build. SLS machines are produced by DTM of Austin, TX.Fig 2.3 Schematic diagram of selective laser sintering.3.4 Fused Deposition ModelingIn this technique, filaments of heated thermoplastic are extruded from a tip that moves in the x-y plane. Like a baker decorating a cake, the controlled extrusion head deposits very thin form of material onto the build platform to form the first layer. Fig2.4 schematic diagram of fused deposition modeling. The platform is maintained at a lower temperature, so that the thermoplastic quickly hardens. Afte r the platform lowers, the extrusion head deposits a second layer upon the first. Supports are built along the way, fastened to the part either with a second, weaker material or with a perforated junction.3.5 Solid Ground CuringDeveloped by Cubital, solid ground curing (SGC) is somewhat similar to stereolithography (SLA) in that both use ultraviolet light to selectively harden photosensitive polymers. Unlike SLA, SGC cures an entire layer at a time. work up 5 depicts solid ground curing, which is also k directn as the solider process. First, photosensitive resin is sprayed on the build platform. Next, the machine develops a photomask (like a stencil) of the layer to be built. This photomask is printed on a glass plate above the build platform utilise an electrostatic process similar to that found in photocopiers. The mask is then exposed to UV light, which only passes through the transparent portions of the mask to selectively harden the shape of the current layer.Fig 2.5 Schemat ic diagram of solid ground curing.After the layer is cured, the machine vacuums up the excess liquid resin and sprays wax in its place to support the model during the build. The top surface is milled flat, and then the process repeats to build the next layer. When the part is complete, it must be de-waxed by immersing it in a solvent bath. SGC machines are distributed in the U.S. by Cubital the States Inc. of Troy, MI. The machines are quite big and can produce large models.3.6 3D PrintingInk-Jet Printing refers to an entire class of machines that employ ink-jet technology. The first was 3D Printing (3DP), developed at MIT and licensed to Soligen Corporation, Extrude Hone, and others. The ZCorp 3D printer, produced by Z Corporation of Burlington, MA is an example of this technology. As shown in go for 6a, parts are built upon a platform situated in a bin full of powder material. An ink-jet printing head selectively deposits or prints a binder fluid to fuse the powder together in th e desired areas. Unbound powder remains to support the part. The platform is lowered, more powder added and leveled, and the process repeated. When finished, the green part is then removed from the unbound powder, and excess unbound powder is blown off. Finished parts can be infiltrated with wax, CA glue, or other sealants to improve durability and surface finish. Typical layer thicknesses are on the order of 0.1 mm. This process is very fast, and produces parts with a slightly grainy surface. ZCorp uses two antithetical materials, a starch based powder (not as strong, but can be burned out, for investment shape applications) and a ceramic powder. Machines with 4 color printing capability are available. 3D Systems version of the ink-jet based system is called the Thermo-Jet or Multi-Jet Printer. It uses a unidimensional array of print heads to rapidly produce thermoplastic models (Figure 6d). If the part is narrow enough, the print head can deposit an entire layer in one pass. Ot herwise, the head makes several passes. Sanders Prototype of Wilton, NH uses a different ink-jet technique in its Model Maker line of idea modelers. The machines use two ink-jets (see Figure 6c). One dispenses low-melt thermoplastic to make the model, while the other prints wax to form supports. After each layer, a cutting tool mills the top surface to uniform height. This yields extremely good accuracy, allowing the machines to be used in the jewelry industry. Ballistic p phrase manufacturing, depicted inFigure 6b, was developed by bpm Inc., which has since gone out of business.Fig 2.6 Schematic diagrams of ink-jet techniques.4. The Basic Process of 3D PrintingAlthough several rapid prototyping techniques exist, all employ the same fundamental five-step process. The steps are 1. Create a CAD model of the design2. Convert the CAD model to STL format3. Slice the STL file into thin cross-section(a) layers4. Construct the model one layer atop another5. Clean and finish the modelCAD Model Creation First, the object to be built is modeled using a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software package. Solid modelers, such as Pro/ENGINEER, tend to represent 3-D objects more accurately than wire-frame modelers such as AutoCAD, and will therefore yield better results. The designer can use a pre-existing CAD file or may worry to create one expressly for prototyping purposes. This process is identical for all of the RP build techniques. Conversion to STL Format The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to represent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography, the first RP technique) format has been adopted as the standard of the rapid prototyping industry. The second step, therefore, is to convert the CAD file into STL format. This format represents a three-dimensional surface as an assembly of planar triangles, like the facets of a cut jewel. 6 The file contains the coordinates of the vertices and the watchfulness of the outward n ormal of each triangle. Because STL files use planar elements, they cannot represent curved surfaces exactly. Increasing the number of triangles improves the approximation, but at the cost of bigger file size. Large, complicated files require more time to pre-process and build, so the designer must balance accuracy with manageability to produce a useful STL file. Since the STL format is universal, this process is identical for all of the RP build techniques. Slice the STL accommodate In the third step, a pre-processing program prepares the STL file to be built. Several programs are available, and most allow the user to adjust the size, location and orientation of the model. word form orientation is important for several reasons. First, properties of rapid prototypes vary from one coordinate direction to another. For example,prototypes are usually weaker and less accurate in the z (vertical) direction than in the x-y plane. In addition, part orientation partially determines the amo unt of time required to build the model. Placing the shortest dimension in the z direction reduces the number of layers, thereby shortening build time. The pre-processing software slices the STL model into a number of layers from 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm thick, depending on the build technique. The program may also generate an secondary structure to support the model during the build. Supports are useful for delicate features such as overhangs, internal cavities, and thin-walled sections. Each RP machine manufacturer supplies their own proprietary pre-processing software. mold by Layer complex body part The fourth step is the actual construction of the part. Using one of several techniques (described in the next section) RP machines build one layer at a time from polymers, paper, or powdered metal. Most machines are fairly autonomous, needing little human intervention.Fig 3.2 Layer by Layer ConstructionClean and Finish The final step is post-processing. This involves removing the prototy pe from the machine and detaching any supports. Some photosensitive materials need to be fully cured beforehand use. Prototypes may also require minor cleaning and surface treatment. Sanding, sealing, and/or painting the model will improve its appearance and durability.3D printing VS Conventional Technologies3DP does notand will notreplace completely conventional technologies such NC and high-speed milling, or even hand-made parts. Rather, one should regard 3DP as one more survival of the fittest in the toolkit for manufacturing parts. Figure depicts a rough comparison between 3DP and milling regarding the costs and time of manufacturing one part as a function of part complexity10. It is assumed, evidently, that the part can be manufactured by either technology such that the material and tolerance requirements are met.Fig5.1 3DP vs. conventional machiningApplication of 3D printersThe concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone, but it always seems to be somethin g that will happen in the future. Gibson was right and the following list of applications for 3D printers show the truth in the saying The future is here. Its just not evenly distributed yet. The following items are all available for purchase or are being used in industry now. We are still a long way from Replicators like the ones from Star Trek The Next Generation, but we plausibly wont have to wait til the 24th century either.1. Art3D printing allows artists to create objects that would be incredibly gruelling, costly, or time intensive using traditional processes. These sculptures by Bathsheba Grossman are exquisitely complex and manufactured using a laser sintering process.2. Action FiguresBlood Elves and band mates can both be brought to life using 3D printers. These two were created using Zcorp. machines which apply glue ink and powder in fine layers slowly creating a replica of one of your characters. Figure Prints allows you to create characters from Warcraft, Rock band an d Spore printing services are coming soon. A number of other sites allow you to get by data from Second Life and your own 3D programs.3. JewelryJewelry makers were some of the first to use 3D printing in their manufacturing process, however they do not use metal printers, but rather ones that use wax. In a process called investment casting a piece of jewelry is sculptural or printed out of wax. Plaster is then poured on either side. Molten metal is poured onto the wax which melts out leaving a metal version of your wax sculpt in its place in the plaster. This piece is then finished and polished by a jeweler. Many independent jewelers have been using high tech printers in their businesses and an innovative company called Paragon Lake has combined this process with web based design tools to offer an infinite inventory to the masses of jewelry stores.4. Hearing Aids3D printers can also make things more functional. In the case of hearing aidsa cast of your ear render is made. The cas ting is digitized using a 3D scanner and a perfect replica of your ear is printed from that ensuring a great fit and improving the quality.5. PrototypesPrototyping in product development is currently the biggest use of 3D printing technology. These machines allow designers and engineers to test out ideas for dimensional products cheaply before committing to expensive tooling and manufacturing processes.6. radix DecorHome goods are structurally simple but endlessly decorative and are perfect matches for 3D printing. This service, called Shapeways Creator allows you to create products like this lamp with any selection of words that have relevance to you (wedding vows, a favorite poem, etc.). Another company called JuJups allows you to make a customized picture frame using intelligent design tools and a zCorp printer.7. Modelsgross revenue folks lives get much easier when you can have models like this of your product printed up for show and tell.8. Components/ManufacturingMany of the examples so far are somewhat gimmicky or decorative, However in some industries 3D printing is displacing traditional manufacturing entirely. In the left hand picture a surgical knee replacement implant has been designed and manufactured to fit a patients joint perfectly. On the right, high tolerance engine parts were printed using a process called Electron Beam Melting and finished with traditional machining processes. While not the norm these uses begin to suggest what is possible in medicine and industry.9. Medicine3D World of Warcraft characters are cool, but these tools have the power to help alleviate lives. Surgeons are using 3d printers to print body parts for reference before complicated surgeries. Other 3D printers are used to create bone grafts for patients who have suffered traumatic injuries. Looking further in the future scientist are working on PRINTING replacement organs. Personal Fabrication indeed3D Printing Essay3D Printing Today and TomorrowI chose to do my re search paper on 3D printing, were we are today and what the future looks like. While researching this project I learned that 3D printing has been around since the 80s, and that it is also known as additive manufacturing. I chose this topic for a few reasons first off this is a topic that has interested me fo a while now and I enjoy learning more about it. I believe this technology is going to have a huge furbish up on our future, like the computer, and the internet it will change the way we do things. I like that its impact is not limited to one area. I cotton up in my project seven different areas that 3D printing is already being used and is reshaping those industries.One of these industries is architecture, construction, and engineering. Architects are using 3D printing to save time when putting together their scale models. In the future there will be no limitations to their designs the reason for this being that construction companies are now experimenting with 3D printing to build parts of buildings. They have started to print using concrete and have been able to print up some wild angles and designs. These were difficult to pull off before because it was hard to make the form to pour the concrete. In the future architects and project managers will be able to work together and print sections of a building in one location, then move and assemble on sight. Just like architects, engineers are using 3D printing to print up scale models of their designs. With the advances in this technology they are able to print these items with moving and working parts.Another one of these industries is the automotive and aerospace industry. In the automotive industry, designers will be able to print up models. Auto makers have also been able to print parts, and have successfully printed a whole working car. In the future 3D printers will be more common in the average home, because of this consumers will be able to go online and printup certain types of replacement parts. This will be nice especially when it comes to hard to control or dealer only parts. The same will go for the aerospace industry as far as being able to print models, and replacement parts. NASA will be launching a mission soon were they will be sending a 3D printer in to space, and they will test printing in zero gravity. If they are successful this will mean that they can put a 3D printer on their shuttles and print parts in space. This will cut down on the weight in the shuttles when they launch but still allow them to print supplies while in space.The Military is using this technology the same way. They have started testing 3D printing while in the field. Just like the aerospace industry, the ability to print in the field will cut down on the amount of supplies they have to carry. It will also give them the ability to print and repair vehicles and machinery while out in the field. There are a few problems when it comes to this industry, the main one being weapons. full function al guns have been printed, they have done this using materials other than metal. The government and DOD has made it illegal for anyone to print guns, and they have ordered all open source instructions to be removed from the internet. However officials fear that the problem will be that just like music, movies, programs, and other online files that are shared it will not keep these plans out of the hands of people who really want to get them.An exciting industry that this technology is changing is the medical and dental field. dentist are already using this tech to print dentures using x-rays and scans to perfectly match the patience. In the medical field they have successfully printed bone fragments, more specifically part of a skull and a human jaw bone. Doctors have used these items in patents. In China they have developed a printer that uses human cells. This was made with the intent to one day print human replacement organs. The thought behind this is they would be able to prin t an organ using your DNA, therefore your body would not reject it, and you would not have to wait as long for a transplant. Doctors have successfully printed a working means valve, and they expect the FDA to approve usage of these within the next year. The current method is to use heart valves from pigs, and those only have a 3yearlifespan, again by using your cells and DNA to make these parts your body will accept them and they will last longer.I was surprised to hear that this tech is being used in the fashion industry. Designers are using this to print wild looking clothes, shoes, head ware, and jewelry. As printers become more common in our households we will be able to do the same. Imagine being able to go online to a designers web site or even designing your own clothes and printing them up at home. The other nice thing would be the ability to print clothing and accessories that are a custom fit to you.I read an article were a history teacher in Europe used 3D printing to pr int replicas of ancient Egyptian artifacts so that he could give his class a more hands on approach to learning. I thought how awesome the possibilities will be for education, they will be able to use it for everything from printing supplies to doing what this teacher did and giving students the ability to observe items that we normally would not be able to touch. This would also open up learning opportunities to teach people how to design and use this technology. The opportunities will be endless, especially for the trade schools that deal with architecture, engineering, automotive, art & design, culinary, and many more.The culinary industry was another industry I was surprised to find this tech, however it does make sense. 3D printing is being used now to make elaborate provender designs using semi liquids like chocolate and cheese. They are also able to design and print molds for gelatins, and cakes. Just like in the medical field scientist hope to be able to use bio printers to print food like meats, fruits, and veggies. I am not sure how ready we are to eat 3D printed food, but who knows in the future this may become the norm.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printinghttp//www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20131031142926-48342529-the-future-of-3d-printing http//www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.htmlhttp//techcrunch.com/2013/10/02/gartner-3d-printer-market-forecast/

History of Modern Philosophy Essay

1- How, and with what success, does Hume deal with the unornamented anomaly of the miss musical note of morose?In A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume attempt to rid 18th century moral philosophy of what he considered to be meaningless and vacuous concepts underlying our theory of cognition be it metaphysical arguments or hypotheses instructmingly prepared from the mere imagination of many philosophers. Influenced by the emerging trend of empiricism and naturalistic science manage Newton and Locke, which Hume owed much of his basic principles from Hume presented the Treatise as an attempt to introduce experimental methods of reasoning into the area of moral philosophy. In the first base book of the Treatise, entitled Of the Understanding, Hume devoted the first part Of the Origin of our Ideas for explaining the basis of his philosophical system that appeals on the similar empiricist approach as that of Lockes.However, curiously, Hume had cited an explicit payoff-argument the bother of wanting(p) shade of fat that could invalidate his whole philosophical system that is based on this central principle. Even to a greater extent puzzling is Humes complacency with this problem, and although he considers the problem as singular and exceptional, he fully admitted to this counter example and did not quiz to resolve it. Yet, this case merits a deeper investigation, and it is this essays attempt to see whether his apparent complacency with the missing shade of muddy would have any effect on the strength of his philosophical system, and other attempts to render this problem irrelevant.The problem of the missing shade of blue by Hume is as follows suppose a man who is well acquainted with colours for thirty years and has seen all the colours in the set of possible colour spectrum, except for iodin particular shade of blue. Then, he is presented with a full spectrum of the shades of blue, from the darkest shade to the darkest, all except the iodin partic ular shade in which he has not yet encountered. It is past reason equal to(p) that this man would be able to produce this single missing shade of blue. The problem of this lies in the basis of the empiricist doctrine at which Hume is following, namely, that all fancys must be preceded by experience, yet, in this example, it is demonstrated that it is possible for an melodic theme to precede mastermind experience, as the man is able to produce the idea of the missing shade of blue without having first encountered it through his senses.At this point, I would like to elaborate more on Humes theory of mind and the stock certificate of ideas as that would clarify why this example is so damaging to Humes system. As stated before, Humes project rear be put into a general label of empiricism, which is a belief that all knowledge comes from experience. Much of his line of argument resembles that of Lockes, well-nigh other prominent empiricist. Hume even borrowed Lockes key terminolo gy to a authoritative extent, with terms like ideas and impressions.Locke believes that ideas are whatever the mind perceives in itself, or is in the immediate object of perception, sight, or understanding, as when one perceives, thinks, or understands, the ideas are before the mind. This limits all ideas to be originated from experience (perception), and alike shows the connection between thought and perception and their interchangeable nature. The ideas can be divided into ideas of sensation (touch, smell, sight, etc.) and ideas of reflection (fear, happiness, sadness, etc.), which can then be separated further into simple and daedal ideas, where complex ideas are derived from simple ones.Hume follows this line of argument with some modifications. He claims he restores the term ideas to its original sense by classifying the objects the mind is perceiving as perceptions, not promptly as ideas as Locke have used, and from perceptions he then distinguished them into impressions and ideas, where they differ in degree, as impressions are more vivid and forceful before the mind, such when sees a colour, and the ideas are more faint, such when one thinks of a colour after having the impressions of it.Hume then makes the distinction of simple and complex ideas, and by introspection, Hume demonstrates that one can think of any simple ideas and then find corresponding simple impressions that are exact copies of each other, and one can do this with any conceivable simple ideas. Complex ideas are different in that they are composites of simple ideas.And with this experiment in introspection, Hume then postulates his first dissertation, That all our simple ideas in their first appearance are derivd from simple impressions, which are correspondent to them, and which they exactly represent. We may call this the Copy Principle, as it simply states that every simple idea is a copy of a corresponding impression.One of the most important characters of this thesis is th e fact that its a contagious one in that it shows the origin of ideas as following from impressions as impressions to be the cause of ideas. Again, this is proved by the constant conjunction of simple impressions preceding simple ideas, which one can do to every simple idea one may have. Another support Hume gives is that of a man born defective of certain perceptive organs, hence, missing certain impressions (e.g. sight or sound), one would not have any ideas of those corresponded with the impressions, for it is evident that deaf people also have great trouble speaking. The genetic component is important in that they validate the empiricism doctrine on the reliance of experience.Anyhow, now we can see how the problem seems to defeat the purpose of this thesis. Moreover, a counter example, from a logical standpoint, one counter example is sufficient to turn an argument invalid. So why did Hume not deal with this problem?We may try to take it as Hume claimed the problem to be a si ngular case where it is not worth investing time on. Being a singular case, one may have to take the argument in closer inspection. Hume states explicitly that the man in question may have enjoyed the sights for thirty years and dead well acquainted with all the possible colours except one, and that may be the attempt by him to restrict this to some specific scenario.It is implicitly insert in the counter example that the subject of this example must be well acquainted with all the colours, such that one can make up colours in ones mind, much like how only musicians of a certain skill level can sight read music. Thus, it appeals to some amount of experience such that one may be bound to experience, habits, or somebodyal background. Yet, when given further consideration, this seems to be invalid as well, as these restrictions do not seem to hold. As far as experience go, a child who does not know what turquoise mean does not unavoidably have an idea of the colour turquoise.So this case is certainly not an exceptional case and Hume had not dealt with it satisfactorily. Yet, Humean scholars have tried to find solutions for this problem and some even disregard it as a problem altogether.Firstly, the first objection to this counter argument is that there is no way to test whether the person in question does in fact have an idea of the missing shade of blue before seeing the missing shade or not. there is a great difference between being able to spot a missing spot in a complete spectrum of blue, and being able to produce an idea of the shade of blue without first encountering the impression of it.If ones sees a constant change in shade from, lets say blue-0 where it is darkest to blue-255 where it is the swooningest shade, then if there is one shade of blue missing, it would be quite noticeable as the mind notices the jump in gradual and constant change, but it does not follow that one could create an idea of that missing shade. To test this is also impossible , as if one is to reproduce colour, it still does not follow that he produces the idea since he would only be mixing the existing colours to brighter shades, and thus, after finishing mixing the colour, one then has the idea of the colour following the impression. solely other ways of testing is equally futile because they all involve exposing the subject to the missing impression one way or another.Alternatively, if we look at the thesis again, and instead of taking it as a genetic form of the argument that Hume meant it to be, and instead, modifies it slightly to a more analytical empiricism form. Humes thesis on the theory of mind, upon closer inspection, can be taken as a form of meaning empiricism, in the sense that ideas to him are the same as different thoughts, which are different kinds of concepts, which is linked to when one understands something in a linguistic sense one is linking the word with the meaning, or the concepts associated to the word.Hence, if we think of th e initial genetic content of the thesis, that impressions strictly precedes ideas, we may relax it slightly in favour of the analogy to meaning empiricism and forget its genetic form and instead formulate the following thesis that all simple ideas must have corresponding conceivable and encounterable impressions. By doing this, we are no longer faced with the problem of the missing shade, since it is perfectly possible that the subject would be able to encounter this particular shade.Lastly, from a personal view, I see the problem of the missing shade of blue as not a problem at all, but Humes mistake lies in classifying colours as simple ideas. It is true that the impressions of light blue might very well be different than dark blue, so to speak, but to use Humes method, it is possible to separate using our imagination the components light and dark from blue. Thus, it is the impression of blueness which is a simple impression, combined with the impression of light and absent of lig ht that combine to give this multitude of shades of colours. Take this example, suppose some neutral shade of blue, lets number it blue 124, were put somewhere with light, you will be able to see blue 124.However, lets say for some reason, the room becomes lighter, certainly, the shade of blue 124 would have changed to some lighter shade of perhaps blue 200. If we metamorphose the light in the room from darkest to lightest, it is then possible to observe from the darkest to the lightest shade of blue likewise. One may argue that the colour can be calibrate to some objective criteria, perhaps the ratio of pigments of colour blue of some sort, yet, that does not matter since all that matters to Hume is indeed only impression. Furthermore, using this example, we can also say that perhaps the subject of the experiment may have in fact encountered the particular shade of blue sometime before without acknowledging it.Conclusively, although Humes discussion of the missing shade of blue is very limited and very complacent, it is perhaps Humes own mistake for considering such example a problem, instead than the problem itself being a threat to his theory of origins of ideas.

Mother’s Role in Society

ROLE OF MOTHER IN SOCIETY Under the feet of angiotensin converting enzymes mother, lies the Heaven. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) I remember my mothers prayers and they have al steerings followed me. They have clung to me entirely my aliveness. Abraham Lincoln divinity fudge created men and women to build life together and to complete one another all lifelong. Hence, Islam opened the door to women to wade through all the fields of struggle in life emplacement by side with men, supporting each other, helping, and completing one another.Moreover, Islam did not separate them in spots, the thing that is clearly sh consume in Gods face The Believers, men and women, ar protectors one of another they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil. (971). Once we understand that justice embraces everything positive in life, and that evil comprises everything negative in it, we will then realize that men and women argon partners in building up life. And just like men are responsible of th e caller, women also are equally responsible of the society they live in.So, kayoedside the framework of the specifically motherhood and fatherhood characteristics where they perform absolutely different functions, men and women have long areas to conquer, building life shoulder to shoulder as world beings, equal in humanity. Accordingly, we can say that Islam had opened the door to women to enjoy life as a whole, in contrast to what some people may assume that it had tied them down in their characteristics as females.The sphere in which a womanhood can express her femininity is narrow to a certain extent, because it is restricted to her marital life where her determination as a female is mainly revealed, and to her family and powder-puff milieu where she can show her feminine traits through wearing ornaments or whatever not to mention motherhood that is the al approximately important feminine design that a woman fulfills. But motherhood itself is not purely a feminine exe rcise all the more so it is a human role in a womans life. Thus, the role of a woman as a human being remains her intimately essential role in life.She must confirm, in her actions, that she is a person of reason, a person of will, a person of affection, and a person who has a mission to carry out and she should prove that she has the ability to take part in life. So, womens humanity is the most important prognosis in their personality because it is the aspect that symbolizes the aim God (S. W. T) created them to achieve in this world. He created women to contribute to the existence with the faculties they have, just as He created men to contribute to the existence with the abilities they possess.Therefore, we believe that, while the feminine aspect of the womans personality is revealed in a delimited sphere, her human aspect is manifested in her whole existence as a woman. Even more, the human aspect of her personality will indeed be integrated with the feminine aspect of her con duct as a female, whether with her husband or within her own specific sensations of femininity. Verily, the aspect of humanity in her will enrich that conduct turning it into a nobler one, and will expand her giving to the partner that she joins in marriage.Every society is made up of blocks of family units. The stronger each block is, the stronger the structure of the society. Families are thus the building blocks, upon which rests the fate of society. For the development of favourable families, the mother plays a vital role. many a(prenominal) women today have aspirations of progress in their lifes, and degrees in various fields. However it is indisputable that the most important achievement of a mother is the raising of sensible, innocuous children who will then move on to build other strong blocks for society.It has been said that it is easy to bear children but it is difficult to raise them well. In that lies the repugn for all women who are mothers. Mother is, likely, one of those few words whose very cite inspires a fountain of emotions in the heart of almost every person. As very well said by a wise man, the mothers lap is the first school for every child. Mother is every mans primary wealth. Women are the manufacturer and destroyer of society. Women can make a family, thus making the society a heaven by removing the wrongs and evils from the society.Our society views motherhood as something very special. Mothers should lead security and stability for their children. An ideal mother must sacrifice many of her own wants and desires for the benefit of her child and should teach him/her the ethics of being a good citizen. An ideal mother tries her best to carry out the goal to make her home a paradise for her children. A Muslim mother has a cherished and dignified role. Her contribution is acknowledged and appreciated. Her unparalleled gifts to the child have been aptly described by Imam Zaynul Abidin (a) in Risalatul Huqooq The Chapter of Rights . It is the right of your mother that you should appreciate that she carried you in her womb the way nobody carries anybody. She fed you the fruits of her heart which nobody feeds anybody. She protected you during pregnancy with her ears, eyes, hands, legs, hair, limbs, in short with her whole being, gladly, cheerfully, and carefully contacting patiently all the worries, pains, difficulties, and sorrows till the hand of God removed you from her and brought you into this world.Then she was most happy, feeding you forgetting her own hunger, clothing you even if she herself had no clothes, giving you milk and water not caring for her own thirst, keeping you in the shade, even if she had to suffer from the heat of the sun, giving you every comfort with her own hardships lulling you to sleep while keeping herself awake. The foundation of the family is laid with the decision to marry, and the importance of the mother is evident in Islamic teachings beginning with marriage, conception an d then child rearing.As times change, mothers change to meet the new roles that they are expected to play. Gone are the days where most mothers just cared for the family and the home. Mothers today are a lot of things to a lot of people. Mothers still have to fill the mother role, but it is not felt that they are the only ones responsible for rearing the family. What is a mother? It is now harder than ever to answer that question. The role of the mother is infinitely complex. Take any street in any town and ask a mother how they would define their role.All the answers will be different and significantly so. The changing role of mother today includes career issues, responsibility for total home care, education of children, healthy life styles for family, and there is more focus on mother as a person with involve of her own. You didnt disagree with mom on issues of life styles and how to care for the home. The problem with the role of mothers then and the role they now have is the ne ed to feel that they had to be all things to all people.Today mothers are not afraid to say what is on their mind and someone think they are not a good married woman or mother. The changing role of mothers should not be seen as a bad change, but one that promotes healthy happier life styles for all family members. Mothers will ever fill the role of mother, no matter how many changes in life occur. Families today are just realizing the importance of all the roles mothers have played in the past and how her role is changing for the better.Women can change the societys lookout and so they are only responsible for its upliftment or downfall. We all are greatly influenced by our Mothers. She remains a great reservoir of inspiration for all of us throughout our lives. Mothers not only inspire and make us good human beings but also bring smile on our faces. Mothers value as a role model and shop steward is undeniable. There is no substitute to mother for a baby. Mother plays a keystone r ole in bringing up newborn. Mothers role is not limited to newborns only.Mothers have to play a lively role even after their babies are grown up regardless of their age. In most of the Asian countries, mother is considered as symbol of strength and integrity and binding force for a family. Mother also plays a critical role in career building of her child, as mother best knows the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses in her kid and can better guide her child to choose the right profession. As mothers, are the one who mould their children into bright, beautiful, pure and strong itizens, we assign a special place to women in the society. It is therefore all the more important that the girls who are poring over presently, should train themselves in such a way that they can live up to the ideals and aspirations of future woman. In conclusion, if we want a good society, first of all we have to look for a good mother, as a mother is not only a school, but she is also the life, origin of human. FIRDOUS AHMAD DAR _ myfirm. emailprotected com emailprotected com

A report to the Board of Directors at Ennismore Capital Regarding the Expansion Idea at Hoxton Hotel

AbstractThe hotel fabrication has gained more popularity over the recent decades in most part across the globe. London, like separate cities has manifested stiff competition among different hotels in offering high quality services, including meals and accommodation to both local and extraneous customers.Hoxton has been a top ranking hotel in London, with almost of the surveys ranking it the best for three consecutive years. The hotel is under the counseling of enthusiastic and goal-oriented team (Ennismore Capital), characterised by the constant ambitiousness to grow into a larger hotel industry. Having proposed the expansion idea to the Hoxton Manager, there is need to conduct a scathing review of the idea and render the most advised recommendation to warrant the implementation of the expansion idea. This paper therefore outlines a piece of music to the Board of Directors at Ennismore Capital regarding the expansion idea at Hoxton Hotel, in which the strategic analysis of the hotel, internal analysis done a pick audit and core competency analysis, and the coat of Ansoffs matrix be covered. The report gives concludes by proposing a local expansion of the hotel in the UK, and summarises the recommendations to the board.IntroductionThe Hoxton Hotel is owned and managed by the Ennismore Capital. From recent surveys conducted in the United Kingdom, The Hoxton Hotel has been ranked as one of the steer hotels in London (Agencies, 2013). For example, one of the surveys and ranking by the Guardian Newspaper had ranked Hoxton Hotel as the best in the UK for three consecutive years. The ranking by the Guardian Newspaper focused on the professionals from the creative industries such as Design, Computing, as well as Fashion. The constant growth and development of the hotel, which has since its foundation, led to its fresh-day top ranking post be attributed to the enthusiastic, goal oriented and successful management body. For instance, the Ennismore Cap ital endure a current plan of expansion, in which they generate at either local expansion within the UK, or internationally in the same hotel business, or through further diversification into related sectors. In order to facilitate proper decision do regarding the multi- zillion pound expansion idea by the Ennismore Capital, there is need for a strategic analysis of Hoxton Hotel, unneurotic with an examination and evaluation of the strategic choices that are open to it. This report details the required strategic analysis of the hotel, which constitutes the current strategic scene of The Hoxton Hotel in equipment casualty of the external environment it faces. This is achieved through a PESTEL analysis, business trends and level of general competitive rivalry in the hotel industry. It covers the internal analysis through a resource audit and core competency analysis for The Hoxton Hotel. The report advices the Board of Directors on the expansion idea through the application of Ansoffs matrix, and proposes the organic method of growth. current Strategic Position of the Hoxton HotelStrategic business repose refers to the process in which a business distinguishes its products and services from those of its competitors, and as such, identifies which market niche to occupy. Strategic stance is one of the most vital benefits associated with proper business planning. The importance of proper business planning in developing an advantageous strategic position is vital, curiously in the face advancing technology (Field, 2013). The Hoxton Hotel has overrecent years, acquired a leading position among the hotels found in the United Kingdom. The study by the Guardian newspaper relied on the nature of the products and services offered by the hotel, with major back-ups from the customer testimonials. The customer testimonials, among other sources of training contributed to the hotels leading rank ion offering meals and accommodation services. The strategic position of a business becomes contingent when it manifests its uniqueness in products and services offered, as well as its verifiable value (Vignali, 2014). In order to determine decisive analysis of the current strategic position of The Hoxton Hotel in terms of the external environment, it is necessary to conduct a PESTEL analysis, and the current industry trends, in tandem with the overall competitive rivalry.The PESTEL AnalysisThe PESTEL analysis is a common framework in the United Kingdom, used to evaluate the external environment of different business. The framework consists of different factors impact businesses, ranging from Political, Environmental, Social, Technological, Economic as well as the Legal cases (Glykas, 2013). For instance, the political factors involve factors that determine the level of involvement by the UK government. The government may influence the operations of the business through an introduction of new tax policies. The business, upon compliance, knowledges a new era in its revenue, which affects its competitive advantage. The governments stability, press freedom policies, make do union regulations, consumer protection policies, as well as the level of corruption also defines a business external environment (Glykas, 2013). In assenting to the political factors, economic factors also determine the overall performance of a nations economy, which bears a direct impact on the profitability of any business. For instance, flash trends in the economy determine the pricing policy of hotel prices for their meals and accommodation services. Moreover, there are socio-economic factors, which involve the prevailing cultural and demographic trends on marketing. The technological aspect of the framework consider the level of innovations and their application in sales, marketing as well as delivery of goods and services within the business industry (Glykas, 2013).Similarly, the effectual aspect of the PESTEL framework affects both the internal an d external business environment, owing to the hotels effort to comply with the legal policies enacted in the UK. The legal factors work in tandem with environmental aspect of the PESTEL framework, since there are various environmental policies enacted and enforced through legal terms. The hotel has an obligation to conduct its business in such a way that it complies with environmental sustainability policies enacted in the UK.The table below outlines each of the factors in the PESTEL framework, and the effects of each factor on the current strategic position of the Hoxton Hotel. Factor Impact on Hoxton Hotel PoliticalThe UK government is currently getting involved in the hotel industry owing to the need to control security.The UK government is also making further restrictions into the issuance of licences for hotel operations.The Hoxton Hotel has a good business relationship with the UK government in tax payments, and through their ability to attract international markets EconomicTh e hotel accommodates international guests and hosts international conferences, which are dependent on the individual economies of foreign countries.In some cases, the local markets do not translate adequate food, and the Hoxton Hotel imports beef and potatoes from other countries to tackle the demands (Yang, Flynn & Anderson, 2014). Socio-culturalThe Hoxton Hotel enjoys a larger section of the UK population being of higher social class, who can afford the high prices offered for the meal and accommodation services provided.The Hotel also offers the modern amenities and innovative technologies such as the wireless network, which is a hot cake for the up-coming extension. It therefore means that the younger generation form a shiny class of customers for the hotel (Lazzeroni et.al, 2013). TechnologicalTechnology has played a pivotal component part in ensuring the competitive advantage for the Hoxton Hotel. This is because the hotel offers a wireless network in the rooms, which has acted an attractive feature for numerous customers (Yang, Flynn & Anderson, 2014). EnvironmentalThe hotel has a public responsibility to ensure a sustainable use of the environment. at that place are policies which postulate a legal binding for the hotel, especially regarding take disposal and management (Brigade, 2014). LegalThe Hoxton Hotel complies with all the labour policies in the UK, as well as international standards by scheduling manageable workloads for its staff (Hoque, 2013.Key exertion Trends and Level of Overall Competitive RivalryHaving emerged as a leading hotel in the United Kingdom for three consecutive years implies major achievements for the Hoxton Hotel. There are many factors which contributed to the hotels competitive advantage (Hulbert, Gilmore & Carson, 2013). For instance, surveys have indicated that Hoxton Hotel is one of the most popular with relatively overthrow rates. Compared to other major hotels in the UK, Hoxton offers lower prices for high q uality services for not only delicious meals, but also the comfortable accommodation rooms. The lowly charged rooms include some of the publicity-garnering ?1 per night, among other facilities that remain affordable to the customers.In the hotel industry, the location of the business forms a critical aspect of its usefulness to the intended clients. This is because the accessibility depends on how remote or close the facility is located from other public utilities, such as roads, hospitals, as well as other sources of entertainment, including natural features (Porter & Shaw, 2013). Considering the location of Hoxton Hotel in the United Kingdom, the hotel remains highly competitive for its Shoreditch location. The presence of the Shoreditch around the hotel acts as a point of attraction to many clients, who according to surveys, have affirmed that they experience a double benefit when they visit the hotel. Their double reward is owing to the fact that their stay in the Hoxton Hotel gives them an opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery at the hip Shoreditch.The room design is also another significant factor that is responsible for the high competitive advantage. According to the reviews done by most customers in Hoxton and other hotels, the room design is a central factor, which determines the customers choice to stay in a hotel. Based on this knowledge, Hoxton Hotel has properly designed, physically attractive and more appealing to most customers accommodation demands. Their appealing nature is associated with the fact they have relatively more luxury, than what most customers often expect. For instance, customers have free access to take out in the fridges, various options for a cold snack, and well balanced diet during breakfast.The rooms are supplied with a system of free wireless internet service. The customers who have laptops and other internet enabled devices have free access to the internet at an unlimited rate, for as long as they stay in Hoxton H otel. Moreover, the hotel rooms have some of the most comfortable beds, with the bedding materials displaying high standards of hygiene. Customer reviews conclude that according to their assessment, they found no source of discomfort during their stay at the 4-star Hoxton (Ryan, 2013). These reviews from customers also recognise the high aesthetic value of the hotel environment, noting the 2VVV Golfs forming a snug at the Hoxtons entrance. Despite the strong competitive rivalry from the other hotels in the UK, Hoxton banks on its less costly products and services, the beautiful scenery located around the hotel, among other luxurious services including the free wireless internet offered in the rooms to oppose itself at the top of competition (Ryan, 2013).Internal Analysis through a Resource Audit and Core Competency AnalysisIn order to induce whether a business is strategically positioned to meet its objectives, it is a business requirement to conduct Internal Resource Audit (IRA) , in which the management determines the available resources and how they can contribute to the achievement of the set goals of and objectives.Clean External and Internal EnvironmentsSince its foundation, the Hoxton Hotel has thrived on a good reputation for its greatliness, both in the internal and the external environments. The high standards of hygiene that have formed the brands reputation have resulted into improved confidence among customers, who trust the safety of their meals as well. It is a common belief that clean environments have safe products for human consumption (Smith, 2013). This belief has been a primary motivating factor for even parents with younger tikeren to use the facility for the available child friendly meal toys. Consequently, there has been a trend of increasing number of customers over the past years, which have led to an increase in revenue generation for the hotel.Safe FoodsHoxton Hotel has shown historical commitment to ensure that they serve safe meals and beverages to their customers (Smith, 2013). The process of ensuring safe foods and beverages at the hotel is a collaborative work between Hoxton and its suppliers, who take an active aim in monitoring, tracking and testing different ingredients used in the production and processing of such food items (Smith, 2013). The food and beverage safety is a well-rounded process program in the hotel operations, that not only ensures food and beverage safety, but also all other promotional items. Based on critical analysis of the hotels safety standards, it is apparent(a) that Hoxton Hotel is in compliance with the governments standards, and in some cases higher up them. The extra effort invested to ensure extra food safety is aimed at maximum consumer protection, as a core obligation of the business to the customers. Similarly, it is the responsibility of all the staff members to notify the relevant governance in case of any safety issue, so as to maintain safe food as a resou rce (Smith, 2013).The rooms at the Hoxton Hotel are comparable to the mothership at the Shoreditch. The rooms designed to prioritise the customers comfort through adequate space. Just like stated in the above discussion, the rooms are among the most captivating facilities at Hoxton Hotel. With special designs to ensure customers comfort, they are spacious to permit free movement as necessary. In addition to the adequate space available, the rooms provide a refrigeration facility, which creates for storage of basic beverages and snacks (Smith, 2013). For instance, customers can always access the free milk provided in the fridge, other cold snacks as well as a variety of breakfast meals. Moreover, the rooms also incorporate an aspect of the modern technology, in which the management supply free internet connection to the customers through a wireless platform.Application of the Ansoffs MatrixBased on their financial ability, the Ennismore Capital has ?100 million for the expansion ide a. Considering the level of riskiness, it is important to acquire a deeper comprehension of the existing markets and the new markets, as well as the new products and new ones. In the UK for example, there are many expansion ideas, each with a varying level of risk, depending on whether the idea involves the introduction of new products or use the existing ones. Similarly, the levels of risk also depend on whether the expansion involves operations with the current market, or entry into a new market (Gianos, 2013).Hoxton Hotel has maintained a leading role in offering meals and accommodation services in the UK, and can boast of adequate knowledge in the sector. Furthermore, the business has involved the provision of one particular proposition goods and services, during which the management has acquired all the basic and technical information required to run a successful business in the hotel industry. Having been located in the UK, the hotel also has a better understanding of the mar ket structure and operations dynamics, including the requisite competitive advantage over their rival hotels within the region.ConclusionBased on the findings, it is evident that there is lower level of risk involved in an expansion idea, which involves opening new branches of the hotel, offering same services in different separate of the country. On the other hand, there is higher level of risk involved in an expansion idea, in which the hotel has to penetrate new international markets, offering akin(predicate) services, or introducing new products. Considering the Ennismore Capitals concerns over the level of risks involved, it would be most appropriate for Hoxton Hotel to consider adopting a local expansion of the hotel offering similar services within the UK. While expanding the business within the UK, organic method of business growth would be the most appropriate. This is because the method involves nominal investment of external capital, since it relies on the existing bus iness capital. Organic growth originates from the existing business, and has a higher chances of fast growth due to the fact Hoxton Hotel has ready market information and investment strategies.Summary of RecommendationsThe Hoxton Hotel has earned its place in the top ranking of hotels for offering satisfactory services to its clients during the course of the recent past. Plans of expansion by the management can be a source of its further advancement, or can lead to its decline in the hotel industry. In order to keep the business at a higher niche, it is important that the management consider a local expansion within the UK, by dealing in the same meals and accommodation services. This shall table service in acquiring further stability and popularity in the native country, before further penetration into new markets across the borders. The Ennismore Capital should aim at minimum cost of the expansion, as a base of gaining a stronger investment base for a more advanced expansion in t he future. This can be achieved through adoption of organic growth, which shall utilise the existing business resources such as ideas, market information and capital.ReferencesAgencies, I. H. S. (2013). Lets Go London, Oxford, Cambridge & Edinburgh The StudentTravel Guide. Avalon Travel.Brigade, L. F. (2014). London Fire Brigade-Incident memorial 12085. people.Field, C. D. (2013). The Allan Library A Victorian Methodist Odyssey. Bulletin of the JohnRylands Library, 89(2), 69-105.Gianos, J. F. (2013). A Brief Introduction to Ansoffian Theory and the Optimal Strategic Performance-positioning Matrix on Small line of work (OSPP). Journal of Management Research, 5(2), 107-118.Glykas, M. (2013). Fuzzy cognitive strategic maps in business process performance measurement. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(1), 1-14.Hoque, K. (2013). Human resource management in the hotel industry Strategy, innovation and performance. London Routledge.Hulbert, B., Gilmore, A., & Carson, D. (2013). Source s of opportunities used by growth mindedowner managers of lower-ranking and medium sized enterprises. International Business Review,22(1), 293-303..Lazzeroni, M., Bellini, N., Cortesi, G., & Loffredo, A. (2013). The territorial approach to culturaleconomy New opportunities for the development of small towns. European PlanningStudies, 21(4), 452-472.Porter, L., & Shaw, K. (Eds.). (2013). Whose Urban Renaissance? An international comparisonof urban regeneration strategies. London Routledge.Ryan, N. (2013). Art and urban renewal Public and private developments in Las Vegas. The Marketing Review, 13(3), 283-295.Smith, T. (2013). Hotel determine in London 2012 and beyond. Journal of Building Survey,Appraisal & Valuation, 2(1), 44-49.Vignali, G. (2014). The mix map modelling approach research application-a thought for the service industry. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 12(1), 75-81.Yang, J., Flynn, J., & Anderson, K. (2014). E-business application in the hospital ity industry A case study. Communications of the IIMA, 3(1), 1.

Marijuana legalization

White House, it is the about commonly used recreational dose in the United States. It has been turn out to be less harmful than alcohol, which is currently legal and prohibition caused a black market to arise leading to an ontogenesis in an organized criminal activity. The fght against those organizations is costing a great amount of money and was cause for the loss of many innocent. While there are slopped arguments in support of prohibition there are stronger arguments in support of the legalization if ganja than there are counterarguments to keep the substance illegal.When comparing the alcoholic beverage obstruction in the 1920s and compare hat situation with the current situation with the legal status of marihuana, we cans ee that a repetition of history is occurring. agree to Douglas McVoy, at the beginning of prohibition, the consumption of alcohol fell, however eventually it increased again. Since the drug was illegal and only the black market could sell it, a profou nd amount of tax revenue was removed and crime rates increased in addition to become more organized.Consumption, illicit production, and distribution grow exponentially therefore courthouses and prison systems were exhausted from such an increase in crime due to illicit alcohol. Government spent great amount of money utilise to enforcement, in fact, the annual budget of the Bureau of Prohibition went from $4. 4 million to $13. 4 million during the 1920s, while the Coast Guard cast offing on Prohibition averaged over $13 million per year. (McVoy). This are some reasons that proved that alcohol prohibition was a failure to the United States.Comparing the alcohol with the cannabis prohibitions. Marijuana is the most used recreational drug in the United States, as reported by the White House (Marijuana). One could say that aft(prenominal) a want term of prohibition, the consumption rates have increased. Like in the 1920s with alcohol, there is now a huge black market that sells mar ijuana and its essentially lead by organized criminal groups. correspond to Steve Nelson, Marijuana offenses accounted for 48. 3 percent of all drug arrests in 2012 (Nelson) and more than 80 percent of marijuana arrests are now for simple possession (Kilmer,etc. . United States government spends enormous amounts of money in the fght against drugs and the criminal groups grow more and more each day. alcoholic beverage prohibition was considered a failure and, actually, we are experiencing some situations today that the United States taced in the 920s Since betore marihuana was prohibited, the drug was used in a medical way. It has been proven that cannabis used as a medicine can relieve chronic pain, which is cause by a pregnant number of pain- producing illnesses.Marijuana can serve well many mental health problems, such as attention deficit bother (ADD), post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depressions. It can also be used as an analgesic (painkil ler) or an anti- inflammatory drug for autoimmune diseases, diseases that arise when the body cannot create an appropriate immune response to substances or tissues present ormally on the body. much(prenominal) diseases could be rheumatoid arthritis, complex sympathetic dystrophy, and so on (Bearman). California was the first state in the United States that legalized medical marijuana.One of the negative results of this legalization is the significant increase of individuals seeking treatment for marijuana guy or dependence (Kilmer, etc. ). This could mean that there has been an increase in consumption. One interpretation of this phenomenon is that sight which use marijuana as a recreational drug rather than a medical drug, seek treatment not to eal with a substance abuse but to manage a legal problem (Kilmer,etc. ). Even though marijuana can be used as a medical supplement, this does not mean it do not have secondary effects on human s bodies.Marijuana can also get to be harmful. In fact, tetrahydrocannabinol (The major component in cannabis that gets you high) by binding to receptors in the basal ganglia and cerebellum can disrupt coordination and balance of the body. Therefore doing complicated tasks such as driving, participation in sports, or learning is stirred. One of the long lasting effects cannabis can produce on you is psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. This illness alters a persons ability to make good Judgments, understand reality, communicate or think clearly.Memory can also be affected by marijuana consumers, studies has proven that THC alters how information is processed in the hippocampus, a brain area responsible for memory information (National drug Institute). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, marijuana also affects your cardiovascular system. After a few minutes of inhaling marijuana smoke, the heart rate, which is normally surrounded by 70 to 80 beats per minute, may increase by 20 to 50 beats or even double in some cases. motley marihuana with other drugs can amplify this effect.This means that a persons risk of heart attack during the first hour after smoking is about four times his usual risk. (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Before legalizing and decriminalizing the use and possession of marijuana, a regulation system should be instituted, that, like Douglas Mcvay stated, should not be the same as systems used during the legalization of tobacco and alcohol. Those models of legalization taught the world and the United States a lesson of how not to regulate the use of these drugs (McVay).Cigarettes and alcohol advertising companies spend significant amounts of money to promote the use of their products which ultimately contributes to many health problems and eventually the death for many users. An example of a non-regulated drug after it was legalized was after the repeal of alcohol prohibition, where the death rate from liver cirrhosis increased dramatically (McVay). To prevent the abuse of marijuana, governments should build a system to regulate its use. An big part of the system build for legalization according to RAND Corporation is the price the drug is going to have.

Mini Marketing Plan- Organic Food Essay

I. Executive Summery buoyant upraise Organic victuals Company is a small start-up company which is located in Dalian and now mainly focuses on the market place of Northeast China. Sunny arise sells many kinds of entire solid nutriment which include grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy, spices, tea, and animal harvests. Nowadays, organic foods share of food market is low, save it has a huge potential for development. How to compete and how to gain competitive advantage in this emerging market manufacture the biggest challenges to the company.The primary marketing objectives are to improve the market strain, which can help pricys flow much smoothly and reach more audience, and to maintain a impregnable relationship with clients. Since Sunny develop engaged in food market, which is indispensible in daily spirit, it is currently considered a business-to-customer marketer. The plan calls for Sunny stir to engage and pay off 20 percent of the Northeast China ( iii provinces) organic food market. II. Environmental Analysis Sunny Farm Organic Food was arrangeed two years past by entrepreneurs Calais Chen and Lizzie Zhang.Sunny Farms products reflect Calaiss and Lizzies passion for high-quality food and those products catch up with the trend of green life. Sunny Farm now has many counters in supermarkets and food shops of main cities, Northeast China. A. The market Environment 1. Competitive forces. The competition in organic food is congener weak in northeasternern region compared to middle and southern regions because only a few competitors exist. The competition within the food industry is intense but still, its a market with capacious potential.Ordinary food is the primary competitor and also the leader it takes up more than 90percent of market share receivable to its lower price and mass production. And the less than 10percent market is divided among the existing firms. However, the new industry is developing and full of vigor, more and more co mpetitors are evaluate to enter the market in the near future. 2. Economic forces. The whole economy environment is quite well. The former economic crisis had little impact on northeast China. People have more money to spend to blistering a higher standard life.Organic food may be a good choice. Even though its price is at least 30percent higher than same kind ordinary food, it has many incomparable advantages. Recent years, with the change in hoi pollois concept of consumption, they are much more willingly to spend money related to health. 3. Political forces. No. 4. Legal and regulatory forces. In new-fashioned years, more attention has been paid to food safety due to negative news. Much legislation has been published to cope with such problems. However, the restrictions put on organic food is much strict than those put on ordinary food.COFCC (China Organic Food Certification Center) is responsible for certification, management, and inspection of organic food, supports for fo stering organic food market. 5. Technological forces. Organic food is strong dependent on environment soil, weather, sunlight, and artificial intervention. The quality of organic food is not as stable as mass produced industrial production.. A major emerging technological trend involves ecological agriculture model, which includes ecological farming, contract farming, food processing, clean energy, organic fertilizer, and so forth 6. Sociocultural forces.In todays society, plurality earn more and concern more rough higher standard of living. Organic food starts acquiring popular and that fits an overall trend among middle-class Chinese toward buying high-quality products with greater nutritional value and better taste. Organic food also fits in early(a) societal trends a good choice of giving presents and the need of substantial development, for example. B. Target Market(s) As a company which has an advantage in the location, Sunny Farm must adapt to change and market dynamics, segment the market, enforce deep-processing and high-processing to satisfy the needs of personalized market.First of all, we should recognize who are willing to buy such dear(predicate) food, love to eat the foods, and take delight in talking about the foods at this stage. Nowadays, women take the responsibility for purchasing family food in closely families and they dominant where does the market go. However, we divided organic foods target market into women, children, vegetarian, elderly people, and gift markets. In these segmentations, women still play an important eccentric because its women who usually buy food for children or elderly people. C. Current Marketing Objectives and PerformanceSunny Farms main distribution channel is retailers, which include supermarkets and food shops. Currently, most of our customers learn our products by advertisements on local websites, magazines, or foretaste of our product on the counter. Sunny Farm offers discounts to members who buy produ cts in the long-term. Customer relationship is crucial because customer has the publicity effect that advertisements couldnt match. Most women are glad to share shopping and life experience we found that part of our customers is introduced by friends or colleagues who bought our products.The company collects money from retailers monthly and implements cash on delivery to online-ordered customers, thus our company has good control over cash flow currently. Sunny Farm takes up 10 percent of organic food market now and desires to double it in the spare-time activity two years. high revenues and profits can help company improve products and services, thus attract more potential customers. III. SWOT Analysis A. Strengths 1. Sunny Farm Organic Food Company is located in Dalian, with organic farms in all three provinces, where have the most appropriate weather for plants/ fowls to grow (Three River Plain and Songnen Plain).Goods are delivered at present from farms to supermarkets, food shops, or customers to derogate pollution. 2. Organic food of our company has a high level of safety and quality. Pesticide, chemical fertilizers are strictly forbid to get wind its purity. Organic food will be prevailing in the food market in the foreseeable future. 3. Sunny Farm has a website that is designed telegraphic and convenient. Online-ordered products could be sent within 8 hours within urban areas. The operation to order is very easy and we also offer telephone ordering.4. Sunny Farm opens several of its organic farms to customers. Customers can have a deeper acknowledge of our products by seeing how we produce. B. Weaknesses 1. Organic food is prohibiting from addition of preservative, which gives Sunny Farm a great challenge to acid because the freshness is very important for food. 2. The Sunny Farms food has higher price for is high cost which includes scientific research, transportation expense. The extremely strict regulation forced us to be accurate during the whole producing process. 3.Most of our foods are not as good-looking as those which inhibit many pesticides, fertilizer, and growth regulating hormone. Organic fruits and vegetables may have worm stings and smaller than ordinary ones. C. Opportunities 1. Organic food is gaining recognition from customers because increasing number of people is now aware of the importance of environmental protection. Recent issues of food safety, including melamine-tainted milk, tonyred egg, and clenbuterol pork, deepen consumers interest in organic food also. 2. Sunny Farm has already have 10percent of market share and those customers are precious.They can help company seek new customer resources. 3. Imported organic food is very expensive and many customers buy them before Chinas local market has been developed. Sunny Farms products are not losing to imported food. D. Threats 1. Many customers tell apart vitamin pills or albumen powder to add nutrition to diet. These goods are easy to carry and h ave longer shelf life. 2. The cost of many links in the production chain is increasing, varying from production, collection, storage, to package. 3. Recent years, the cultivated area is decreasing sharply.Organic farms need enough lands to produce because they have to be far away from polluting factories. E. Matching Strength to Opportunities/ Converting Weaknesses and Threats 1. To maintain a desirable profit, Sunny Farm puts substantial effort on scientific research and helps company be more efficient. Price is an important criterion for customers. 2. Based on existing customers, who have a fine opinion of Sunny Farms product, we can explore potential customers to earn greater share of markets. 3. Sunny Farm plans to develop new product to meet with the changing needs with customers.For example, further process fruits/vegetables into dried one and satisfied the needs of office lady. IV. Marketing Objectives Sunny Farm Organic Food Company is in the business of helping people liv e a greener and healthier life. It has to overcome increasing cost and continue to improve the quality. Sunny Farms objective is to capture 20 percent of market share in the following two years and to have 80 percent of its customers indicate that they love the product and are willing to buy again. The following two years is extremely important for Sunny Farms future development.To accomplish the objective, we have more to do with scientific research to minimize producing cost, and improve the distribution channel to eliminate inefficient transportation. At the same time, we should increase gross revenue by holding a public relations activity, and do sales promotions weekly in supermarkets. A good way to promote is to make our products more outstanding in the supermarket sales force could negotiate with supermarket officials. other good way is to contact an opinion leader and persuasive him/ her to give positive statement to our products. V. Marketing Strategies A.Target Market(s) Target Market 1 meaning(a) women. Their bodies are very sensitive to artificial chemicals and organic foods are safe and nutritious that would be great to help them go through the pregnant period of time and have healthy babies. Target Market 2 children. They are the hopes of family, parents and grandparents always try their best to afford a better living environment. The quality of food directly affects the childrens living quality and physical development. Target Market 3 young lady. Most Chinese young ladies are focus on whitening, losing weight, and they would spend much money on them.Organic product is natural and helps body eliminate toxicant. Target Market 4 gift market. Sunny Farm offers boxes loaded products which are aim at gift market. Organic food is the new trend. They are environmental-friendly and taste that donors will have face and recipients will flavor novel. B. Marketing Mix 1. Products. Sunny Farm sells many kinds of organic food grain, vegetables, fruits, dai ry, spices, tea, and animal products. At the same time, Sunny Farm sells the idea of green life and sustainable development. 2. Price. Sunny Farm charges a comparative high price for is high-quality products.Our products worth that much. Once customers become aware of and experience the benefits of organic food, they would be bountiful to purchase. 3. Distribution. Sunny Farm use dual distribution. Customers can buy products from retailers like supermarkets and food shop and they can also order product online. (SunnyFarm. com. cn) 4. Promotion. Currently about 50 percent of customers reorder each month. Sunny Farm sent text messages or email to members monthly and members could accumulate points by buying product and redeem gifts in the year end. We should make sure that our new products can get enough attention.Holding a public relations activity is helpful. VI. Marketing Implementation A. Marketing Organization Sunny Farm is a customer-centered company and focuses its marketing e fforts on satisfying customers needs. The company mainly has three teams research team, sales team, and promotion team. Research team is responsible for uncovering new needs and develops new products. Also, this team should adjust existing system concord to customers feedback. Sales force is responsible for increasing sales they mainly focus on negotiation with market officials and shopkeepers.Promotion team is responsible for advertising and deals with customer relationship. Sunny Farm is a harmonious company. B. Activities, Responsibility, and Timetables for Completion All implementation activities begin at the start of 2013. By March 31, develop Customer kin Management. By April 30, survey existing customers and members to get more information and analyze the results. By June 31, start to contact with new customer for the current products. By awful 31, develop a new product according to the former survey. By December 30, develop a plan that adjust the system andminimize super fluous costs base on the yearly performance. VII. Evaluation and Control A. Performance Standards and Financial Controls A comparison between budget and actual expenditures will be included in the project report. The following performance standards and financial controls are suggested The administrative expense should not greater than 5 percent of total expenditure. from each one team is responsible for its own purpose as well as the common goal of company. Each team report financial expenditures quarterly of their project. The sales of new products will be evaluated to determine its future prospect.Cash flow should always be smooth. B. Monitoring Procedures A comparison between Sunny Farms actual performance and companys objective is important to evaluate effectiveness. Following are monitoring procedures Monitor click throughs, web pageboy visits, and time spent on SunnyFarm. com. cn. to evaluate the online service. Monitor the effectiveness of member programs by assigning uniqu e, customer-specific codes to each membership card. Track their buying. Compare budgeted and actual expense monthly within each team and company evaluates each team and the team director.