Othello’s Shakespeare Literature Essay

Stereotype in layman’s term is often defined as predictable characters and situations or something that is not authentic, or something that is already experienced. In Shakespeare literature, stereotyping is sometimes inevitable. Some of his works, its themes and characters embody the social predicaments and situations during the time he created the masterpiece. In Othello’s case, the issue of race and religion and the revelation of the dark side of human nature is revealed and discussed through the characters. Themes and conflicts like jealousy, race, power, religious tensions, obsession and marriage illustrated in Othello are still important and experienced today. The characters in love, the characters in extreme emotions like obsession and jealousy and the characters who lose and win portray same emotions in reality and some other literature. The common human experience experienced by the characters of Othello, Desdemona and Iago makes this literature stereotype. However what makes stereotyping in Shakespeare’s literature unique and sophisticated is the creative structure of his stories and plays. The play reflects that race and culture divides the world and the people which, in effect, influence human responses to love and emotions. Othello, who is the main character in the story, is a black man who fell in love with a white woman, Desdemona. When Iago gave false accusations against Desdemona, Othello responded with rage, revealing his awareness that his newfound love with Desdemona was all but an illusion. Othello is obviously insecure about his identity as a black man which motivated his hatred and eventually his actions. Othello’s general conclusion that a white woman and a black man are unfit to become lovers motivated his demonic tendencies. This reflects that the controversial issues about racism manipulate our perspective towards love and relationship, which is often destructive. Like any other human beings when faced with inequality, Othello approached his emotions unwisely. Othello’s reaction to his feelings contaminated his sense of morality and spirituality just like how other people is being contaminated by their extreme emotions. Jealousy and envy motivate evilness and passion that in the long run will create human suffering and tragedy. People often hear that human beings are naturally selfish. In love, this selfishness is often revealed. However, those people who are victims of jealousy, especially the ones who are loved, will always experience passive suffering. Love affects in this case, the way a lover responds to love will greatly affect the beloved. Love is a shared communion. The lover’s choices will affect the beloved’s fate. Othello’s choices resulted to Desdemona’s death. Here Shakespeare demonstrates the defensive nature and stereotypical image of black people If Othello denied inferiority and race, Iago gave importance to power and race and status. This selfish need and motivation of Iago resulted to jealousy and which eventually led to destruction. Just like any other negative emotions, Shakespeare gave a predictable outcome: selfishness and jealousy leads to destruction. Stereotyping in character is probably used by Shakespeare to demonstrate the realities of human life and the realities of human nature. However the sophistication and language of his literature revealed his Shakespeare’s innate talent, artistry and creativity.

Outline the Ways in Which Rubbish Can Be Said to Have Value in a Consumer Society

Since the latter part of the nineteenth century, contemporary UK society has been steadily changing. Where once we tended to define ourselves by our employment and the status in society that position may have given us, we now define ourselves much more by the goods we buy and choose to surround ourselves with (Hinchcliffe 2009). What we wear, the house we live in, the food we choose to buy and the experiences we create for ourselves all are thought to say more about us personally and as a society and have led to the creation of the term ‘consumer society’(Hinchliffe 2009). The rise in disposable income and the ability to acquire easy credit has enabled the vast majority of the UK population to buy goods more readily than at any time ever before and to fill our homes with an array of consumables. However this increase in affluence has generated a massive rise in consumer goods being manufactured and purchased and consequently is creating huge amounts of waste in return. Outdated and broken goods, massive amounts of packaging and waste created during manufacture are proving increasingly difficult to dispose of. The resources being depleted in order to create and transport goods are also having devastating consequences on the earth and the environment and are not sustainable (Brown 2009). This essay will look at some of the ways in which we can revalue this rubbish in our ever changing and evolving society. When we purchase goods today there are many factors that can eventually transform the item into what we would commonly term as ‘rubbish’, something of no value whatsoever to its owner. Goods are made increasingly cheaply and in quantity to allow for low selling prices and are not necessarily built to last. The cost of repair can be more than replacing the item itself with very few specialist repair services being offered on the high street nowadays. Ever changing fashions and trends altering every season can lead to everything from shoes to furniture being thrown away and replaced in order for one to stay ‘in trend’ in our modern consumer society (Brown 2009). One theory of how rubbish can be redefined and given new value is put forward by Michael Thomson (Brown 2009). His theory suggests that items can move from being valued into the category of rubbish and out again into something of value. Items can be ‘Transient’, in other words, not built to last and consisting of most of the consumer goods such as mobile phones and clothing we can purchase in our shops today. Their value will decrease with use and they will often be replaced as fashion and trend dictates and newer and more desired items come on to the market. Other items can be called ‘Durables’. These items are often more expensive to buy and gain value over time such as good jewellery, paintings and rarer items people may wish to invest in or collect. His third category is one of ‘Zero value’ such as completely broken items and worn out clothes (Brown 2009). Economic reasons can be one of the ways in which new value can be placed on an object. The rise in charity shops, car boot sales and online auctions enables some of the ‘Transient’ items to be given new value. One person’s rubbish may be of value to another (Brown 2009). The changing economic climate since the recent credit crunch and more unemployment may mean that people with more time and less money may find uses for the worn out clothes and other ‘Zero value’ items by repairing or recycling in some innovative way(‘Reflections on Material Lives’,2009). Transient goods can become out-dated over time until they apparently become almost worthless. Some of these goods may then become popular or appealing in some other way. For instance a new trend in retro items such as the current interest in ‘shabby chic’ goods gives the items a fashionable appeal. Old and outdated consumer goods can become of interest to collectors and as interest increases so does the value. If these goods are no longer being produced, demand will outweigh supply and thus increase their price and therefore their value (Brown 2009). Aesthetic revaluation is another example of how new value can be given to rubbish. Some contemporary artists such as Tracey Emin and Chris Jordan (Brown 2009) have created works containing junk and other waste such as plastic cups, circuit boards, empty bottles and cigarette ends. By making a statement about our wastefulness in our consumer society in their works, they are bringing new value to rubbish by transforming it into valuable objects of art (Brown 2009). Environmental concern is another aspect that is prompting the revaluation of rubbish. In 2008, the waste generated more quickly than could be disposed of, was said to be 40% greater than the earth’s available yearly resources (Brown 2009). The earth’s resources and its capacity for absorbing the waste we generate has become environmentally unsustainable. Disposing and recycling of rubbish is now huge international business and although there is great economic value in this for the companies involved the need to find ways to sustain the environment is also a major factor in this process (Brown 2009). Transporting rubbish around the world where it is recycled more cheaply and remanufactured into a usable commodity to be shipped back, highlights the new value of some of our rubbish. Waste plastics, paper, card and glass are now just some of the products collected, recycled and sold for profit. Previously they may have been simply landfilled at not only monetary cost, so of ‘negative value’, but as we are now discovering, great cost to our planet (Brown 2009). Revaluing rubbish can therefore come about in many ways. In an ever growing consumer society we are beginning to become more fully aware of not only the amount of rubbish we are generating, but the understanding that by revaluing this waste we are helping to sustain the planet. Where once we would have thrown it into the bin without thought, we now know the ‘value’ of our waste. The increasing demands to cease using plastic carriers in favour of supermarket ‘bags for life’; the prevalence of car park bottle bins and clothing banks; the household recycling bins are all constant reminders to us of the value of our rubbish. Economic value can be added to out dated goods due to new trends and fashions and as items become of interest to collectors. The less there may be of something and the more the demand is for it; the more likely the value will be raised creating further interest and higher prices. Taking junk and turning it into art also revalue’s rubbish. Many artists are seeing the possibilities of pointing out to us our wastefulness and by using rubbish in their art they are turning it into something of artistic merit and often considerable monetary value (Brown 2009). Moreover, even design students today are being taught to utilise used items and create something new and useful or aesthetically appealing from them. (Reflections on Material Lives’, 2009). Whether selling our old possessions on online auctions for profit or donating to the charity shop, we are giving new value to what we no longer feel has worth. Rubbish is becoming more and more valuable as our consumption as a society grows ; â€Å"at a time when we’re both short of materials globally as well as short of energy globally, we’re now looking to waste as a real resource† ( Reflections on Material Lives,2009).

Qualitative Research Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qualitative Research Method - Assignment Example For the qualitative research method, the anticipated data collection technique to use is the interview, with which a corresponding interview transcript shall be designed. For the interview, the kinds of data anticipated to be generated are open ended subjective questions that will yield a qualitative type of data. This is said against the background that once interviewees are asked questions by the researcher, the researcher does not limit their scope and range of response, thereby making the responses as subjective as possible (Gay and Airasian, 2000). As the major feature of qualitative method is to permit the researcher undertake subjective data collection and analysis, it is said that the kind of data to be generated will be the qualitative type of data. Directly related to the use of the interview, the researcher proposes to design an interview transcript that will be used as a data collection instrument. The most underling feature of this research instrument is that it would pe rmit the researcher to assign codes to all the responses that are collected so that the corresponding data analysis exercise shall be easier and precise (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). Having touched on the data analysis plan to be used, it would be said that the selection of data analysis techniques is very important for this purpose of qualitative data collection research because the data analysis will make large volume of rich text data accessible and meaningful to all users of the research findings. The selection of the data analysis technique is backed with the need of ensuring that the researcher shall not take advantage of the subjective collection of data to present data that cannot be authenticated and substantiated to be factual and reliable. To this end, the hand coding technique shall be used. Hand coding is advantageous because it is interpretive and aims at organizing data so as to introduce the interpretation of the data into an empirical method (Creswell, 2007).

Residual Income as a measure of managerial performance. Include Essay

Residual Income as a measure of managerial performance. Include examples of usage today and advantages and disadvantages - Essay Example In business, residual income represents a specific financial amount derived from an equation which subtracts invested capital from total, pre-tax profitability (Accaglobal.com, 1999). Where the traditional return on investment (ROI) template, which calculates a percentage by dividing the average operating assets from net operating income, residual income is represented in actual dollars through its calculation. Professionals argue that residual income (RI) may not necessarily reflect the total performance of a managerial professional, hence there is the debate as to whether compensation directly linked to RI totals is a fair measure of reward for performance. This paper examines the contemporary usage of residual income as a performance measure. There are several viable calculations to determine residual income (RI), with the most common being operating income minus the required return on investment in dollars (Marshall, McManus & Viele, 2006). A second method is subtracting required income from actual income, representing a final financial (not percentage) total, indicating either a negative or positive residual income (Economist, 1996). For instance, if the actual income of the firm is $100,000 and required income (often calculated from ROI) is $50,000, the firm has experienced a residual income increase of $50,000, which may indicate that the company executive leadership has made positive strides in boosting profitability. When ROI is used in the equation to determine residual income, positive RI occurs when actual ROI is greater than the minimum required ROI. These calculations may sound very simplistic and relatively straightforward, however, calculating residual income is not always a fair measure of total executive performance, especially when a particular company has experienced years of negative residual income. For instance, assume that a firm maintained a negative residual income for

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) - Essay Example and 60 essential oils are normally used by the professional aromatherapist, and most suppliers offer in the region of 70-80; these oils generally belong to just a few of the many plant families, and the families dealt with below include the majority of plants utilized in the production of essential oils’. Current paper refers specifically to the plant commiphora molmol (or myrrh as most commonly known) and its use in the area of medicine and aromatherapy. A series of clinical data is also presented in order to support the theoretical views that are related with the use of myrrh as a basis of several remedies applied in modern medicine. The word myrrh origins from the Arabic word ‘murr’ that means ‘bitter’. In Encyclopedia Britannica (2007) myrrh is referred as a ‘bitter-tasting, agreeably aromatic, yellow to reddish brown oleoresinous gum obtained from various small, thorny, flowering trees of the genus Commiphora, of the incense-tree family (Burseraceae); the two main varieties of myrrh are herabol and bisabol’. The study of Hanrahan (2007, 1) also refers to myrrh and its origin. In the specific study it is mentioned that ‘myrrh (also known as Commiphora molmol, abyssinica, or myrrha) is a close relative and member of the Burseraceae family, native to the eastern Mediterranean, Ethiopia, the Arabian peninsula, and Somalia; myrrh is a shrubby desert tree known variously as gum, myrrh tree, guggal gum, guggal resin, didin, and didthin’ (Hanrahan, 2007, 1). The most significant characteristic of myrrh is its distinctive colour. More specifically, as it is stated in a report published by the Tillotson Institute of Natural Health (2005), ‘myrrh gum has an intense dark color, reflecting its medicinal potency; it exerts a strong and certain action against specific types of pain and swelling, such as that of rheumatoid arthritis while it is strong enough to soften hard swellings and carbuncles;Â  like all plant resins, myrrh can also lower blood

Media violence and sex Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Media violence and sex - Research Paper Example Sex and violence in media have increased to a very large extent ever since the inception of modern technologies. A different perspective is needed in order to extract a sense of reality out of films and movies. This vice has also been spreading to various forms of print media such as magazines and periodicals (Fedorov, 57). The blatant approach of presenting sex and violence by media has been coming under heavy criticism. For instance, the following quote might explain better - â€Å"in 1968, the Supreme Court held in Ginsberg v. New York that material not deemed obscene for adults may nonetheless be considered obscene with respect to minors† (Kotrla, 50). Parents and guardians around the world argue that influence of media can structure the moral views of the future world. There is little tolerance for sex and violence among parents, and so media needs to consider making changes. The current generation of children can imbibe unethical behaviour from the lessons they acquire from the media and consider such behavior as normal. A more subtle approach towards portraying these vices is necessary to secure a bright future for children. In addition, children need education on how to view sex and violence portrayed in the media to protect them from harmful impacts (Kotrla, 51). The root of media sex and violence can be found in the 1950s movies. It was during this period that movies were introduced to the public. Helped by technological progress, majority of the initial films were documentaries and action movies that would appeal to the public. The films would follow definite formats and provide entertainment to general audiences. With media becoming a profitable venture, heavy investments resulted in enhanced quality of films. According to Fedorov, with growing demand for reality in quality of movies, the inception of real life concepts such as sex and violence became inevitable (Fedorov, 38). Ever since media has been synonymous with providing

Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Corporate Strategy - Essay Example One of the initiatives that assisted HSBC in gaining increasing revenues was introduced in 2000s and called â€Å"managing for value†. The strategy emphasized the Group’s unique balance of business and earnings between the older, mature economies and the faster-growing emerging markets. For example, the acquisition of all of Lloyds TSB’s onshore and offshore assets related to Brazil in 2003 was a strategic step previewed by this initiative. Following the expansion to emerging markets, HSBC has grown from 51 countries in 1991 to 79 in 2003. At the same time, the company was strengthening its presence in developed markets such as the US, Switzerland and Luxembourg through the acquisition of Republic New York Corporation and Safra Republic Holdings S.A. for US $9.85 billion. Through these and other acquisitions throughout 2000s, HSBC aimed at delivering wealth management in key financial centers around the world1. A huge step towards gaining the eurozone market share came with the acquisition of Credit Commercial de France (CCF) in April 2000 for US $ 11 billion. By settling down in France, HSBC has got access to a personal, corporate, investment and private banking of all Europe in this way strengthening its presence in the developed countries. This acquisition and other initiatives contributed to a continuing improvement on the company’s performance, in which profits of shareholders grew from US $4,318 million in 1998 to US $6,239 million in 2002. Another initiative that strongly consolidated HSBC was its initiative to adopt the unified brand using HSBC and its hexagon symbol nearly everywhere it operated. In 2000, the corporation launched Premier round the clock international sercices for the Group’s most valuable personal customers. Since 2002, the HSBC identity has carried the tagline of â€Å"The world’s local bank†, outlining the Group’s experience and understanding of the various markets and cultures. The adoption of the

Changes that have occurred in the last generation with regard to Essay

Changes that have occurred in the last generation with regard to personal and family finances - Essay Example When the man of the house lost his job, the wife would join the workforce, providing the needed income until the man found another job. In instances of divorce the woman, who previously wasn’t working, would get a job to support her kids. A stay at home parent provided the necessary safety net during times of economic distress.Poor saving habit is another danger to the financial stabilities of today's families. If parents with two paychecks saved the second one then this would act as a safety net. With the change in generation, there has also been a significant decline in savings amongst families. Parents are using the additional incomes on extravagant items for their children and themselves. An increased push for housing in decent school districts is responsible for the financial crisis faced by many families at present. This situation is as a result of a loss of confidence of the education system. The government should increase investment in the schools that the middle incom e took their children to. The increased demand for these so-called decent preschools and good colleges lead a rise in their cost. The extra income earned by the woman pays for this. It is a fact that two-income families earn more today than what a family with individual breadwinners used to earn a generation ago. The cost of mortgage, taxes, health insurance and daycare are higher than before. The net effect is that the discretionary income of today's dual-income families is lower than before.

Resonsibilities imposed on contractors by Regulation 2 of the Case Study

Resonsibilities imposed on contractors by Regulation 2 of the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations - Case Study Example This research aims to evaluate and present the responsibilities imposed on contractors by Regulation 2 of the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations. Construction is considered amongst one of the most dangerous land based activities in the working sector of Japan. Although the working population in the construction sector is only about 10%, it still accounts for 30% of the work casualties and 40% of the fatalities in Japan. Hong Kong has the highest construction hazard rates. Falls from height, crashes, excavation accidents, being hit by an object etc are common construction hazards. Even after the rate dropped from 350 per 1000 workers in mid 1980 to 60 per 1000 workers in 2007, it still accounted for nearly 20% of all the industrial accidents in Hong Kong. To attain a level of zero fatalities while on construction sites, has been set as a political goal by the government of Japan. Hong Kong has had a very poor safety record. The lack of awareness/low level of education of the cons truction workers, multi level subcontracting, high mobility of workforce etc can be considered prime reasons for theses construction hazards amongst others. Even though Hong Kong has passed its own laws and ordinances to help decrease the number of fatal accidents in the construction working sector, it will only have an impact depending on how it is enforced. Mr John Wu, an architect, signed a contract with Hung Ki Dvelopment company to design and develop a 50 storey building. Mr Wu then assigned Lap Ming Ltd to be the contractor for the builder work, which will take up to 85% of the total contract sum for the formation of the building. Since the scenario doesn't specify, we will make the assumption that the architect John Wu entered a contract with Sunny Construction Ltd, specialist contractors for the building services works. Building services engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems re quired for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings2. Lap Ming Ltd then signed a subcontract with Star Decorator Ltd, also specialist contractors, to complete the internal decorations. The construction work began on 2.10.03 after the application was approved by the building authorities, submitted by Lap Ming. On 1.8.05, the operations of the building works and the internal decorations were in full swing when the foolish behavior of Chan Sam, led to a fatal accident of a casual worker. Chan Sam, a direct employees of the fire services subcontractor, used an excavator to move some iron piping to a workplace near the pump house on ground floor level. He was being accompanied by a female worker, and in order to entertain her, he drove the excavator in a zigzag manner. Suddenly the iron bars swung out, and fell near a moving lorry, being driven by Mak Sam, who was lowering the tiles needed for the internal decorations. The sudden loud noise sent Ma k Sam into a shock, causing him to lose his balance and accidently push the wrong control lever, which resulted in the crane to move in some other direction and hit the head of a casual worker, Li Yick, who was pronounced dead upon his arrival to the hospital. Both the workers from the builder services (Cham Sam) and the internal decorators (Mak Sam) are directly involved in this accident. According to our assumption, Sunny builder services were hired by the architect John Wu, upon clients request, and the internal decorators Star Ltd entered into a subcontract with Lap Ming Ltd, making both John Wu and Lap Ming to be indirectly involved with the accident. Since Hung Ki was assigned to overlook the construction of the building, he is also indirectly involved. Mr John Wu is just an architect by profession, his job is to design the

Compliance Standards in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compliance Standards in Education - Essay Example Students will be able to immediately discuss, write about, and implement material from the classroom in everyday life. Based upon a learner-centred workshop model of classroom participation, the Lesson Plan: Weather is intended to provide students with core curriculum on climate change, environmental science management, and economic and social policies. An advanced lexicon within the English language, the universality of 'Weather Speak' as part of the mediated landscape in the late-capitalist moment, makes the topic both pertinent and timely. Pervasive and highly accessible, classroom activities on weather offer ready assimilation of key concepts, while learning vocabulary and linguistic usages. Mitigation of GHG emissions toward reductions that might decrease carbon dioxide to 1990 levels stand to have long-term effects on environmental health and social foms. From atmospheric research to new models of finance, climate change as a cultural exchange is reinforcing knowledge of our surroundings in new ways never thought possible. Indeed, something as simple as Weather, is now a site for inquiries into environmental science, poetry, and urban planning. Technologies employed within the classroom are responsive to prescriptive methodologies for teaching in the 21st century. Within present pedagogical discussion on training students in the global village, requisite inputs for a well rounded curriculum are constituted not only of the traditional verbal and mathematical proficiency models, but competency building in creative dialogues based on interpretation, critique, the semantic application of visual communications. Deep engagement in visual media has brought us to a state of sophistication in image iconography and accompanying performance. The cultivation of linguistic literacy from visual and media literacy promotes rapid assimilation of concepts familiar from both a consumption and production point of view. Innovative opportunities for skill development, and introduction to secondary sources of research that are now entirely mediated, as in the utility of satellite GIS mapping in weather monitoring, would not be possible without reliance upon media communications strategies, and the attendant lexicons of Science or other disciplinary specific terms. Visual learning models also introduce an element of application within discursive contexts dedicated to intuitive intelligence, for the furtherance of student knowledge and critical inquiry. The implementation of media methods in this course is standardized throughout, and the students become

The Books and School Essay Example for Free

The Books and School Essay In the first few pages of the book, Bloom highlights the importance of reading and studying literature and at the same time mentions one’s limitations about conducting this exercise. He writes, â€Å"The Biblical thee-score years and ten no longer suffice to read more than selection of the great writers in what can be called the Western tradition, let alone in all the word’s traditions. †(Bloom, 1995, p. 17) The best of the literature, finds new perspectives with the passage of time. New interpretations are introduced; many additions to the old ones are done, as per the demands of the time. The fable of the yesteryears becomes the reality of the day as for some characters in works of famous writers. They have the all-time appeal, as they transcend all secular limitations, and establish for themselves a unique place in the history of literature. Bloom dives deep in to the ocean of literature and tries to collect and introduce the pearls of wisdom to his readers. How did he achieve it and what were the implications? The re-examination of the world of literature afresh†¦ â€Å"Originally The Canon meant the choice of books in our teaching instructions, and despite the recent politics of multiculturalism, the Canon’s true question remains: What shall the individual who still desires to read attempt to read, this late history? †(Bloom, p. 17) asks Bloom and seems to grope for the answer. He attempts to dive deep in to the ocean of literature Age-wise the Autocratic Age, the Democratic Age, and the Chaotic Age. Any literature has time-value but there is a branch of ‘literature’ that transcends limitations of time. And more reading doesn’t mean more knowledge. Why should anyone attempt to possess all knowledge? The limitations of human existence, prima-facie, negate such possibility, even if one intensely wishes! I am reminded of a real-life incident. The question asked to a candidate for a high-profile selection post, was â€Å"Who is the Finance Minister of Spain? † Obviously the Interview Board Member was trying to corner the candidate. The bold candidate answered the question with a counter-question, â€Å"Sir, may I know from you who the Sports Minister of Nigeria is? I frankly say, that it is not necessary for me or anyone to acquire such superfluous general knowledge. It has nothing to do with one’s efficiency or productivity related to work. † What you do is not important; how you do what you do is important. Similarly, what you read is not important; how you read what you read is important-rather what you assimilate is the crux of the reading exercise. Presently, when the world is deeply impacted by the materialistic civilization, the industrial and internet revolution lays the real fear of the reading habit getting minimal- reading, just out of necessity and no more the soul pleasure! Bloom’s sincere efforts to re-kindle the passion for reading as for authors like Shakespeare, Austen and Dickens, is laudable and it is the need of the time , to come out of the web of dreary and mechanical life. Having said that, he poses the well-meaning question related to the Canon, â€Å"What shall the individual who still desires to read attempt to read, this late in history? A maestro of Classical Music takes interviews for the prospective candidates for judging their potentiality as for the inborn musical talents. He just asks them to sing a line or two, and he is able to judge their intrinsic worth. Bloom’s opinions about the quality of literature are somewhat similar. He is fascinated by the literary world created by Shakespeare. To him he is the be-all and end-all of the canon that he defines for the Western world, the standard by which one judges all literature. Bloom rightly opines that human mind has limitations as for acquiring the knowledge. When one transcends the mind-barrier it is altogether a different world and it is not possible to describe that state through verbal communications. Because, it is the final stage of experiencing, this is beyond then realm of words. Shakespeare, according to Bloom is the master psychologist- he has tackled each type of psychological situations and given answers through his characters. It is therefore, not necessary to read the psychological texts with the hope of finding anything new, after having read Shakespeare. This holds well, according to Bloom, in the religious contest as well. Shakespeare’s understanding of the religious tenets is so perfect! But not so about spirituality, admits Bloom candidly! An elegy for the Canon, Bloom does three types of classifications for the literature: The Autocratic Age, The Democratic Age and the Chaotic Age. Bloom makes rather the controversial statement that all great writing can end up sounding rather too similar. To select 26 authors of the vast multitude of literature should be a tough task for Bloom, but to the lucky ones in his team, he has rendered yeoman service. He has done a fine survey of classical literary traditions. Many have found it so rewarding to read these authors, in the light of the critical assessment done and fresh light thrown by Bloom. He has made the flowers of literary taste bloom in the desert. (Those who were hitherto disinterested in classical literature) Two issues immensely influence any author. The influence of Nature and the influence of the works of other authors! This process can be termed as literary sparks generated out of friction. One idea gives rise to several ancillary ideas, sometimes more profound and brilliant than the original idea. Through the introduction to various authors, Bloom has succeeded in inspiring the readers as well and that created the chain reaction in them to read more and more. The authors probably wrote one more book by such inspiration and the readers read another book! Both are the comparable processes of the literary genius latent in an individual. Therefore, those who have read the Western Canon of Bloom have admitted that it has been the most rewarding experience of their lives. No contradictions can be made as for Bloom’s observation about the impact of the materialistic civilization, ruthless competition, where moral boundaries are often violated and he asserts that such a process does destroy literary study in the name of socio-economic justice. One who creates literature and the one who loves literature have peculiar types of hearts, which a normal secular individual would find it difficult to understand. Such literary giants may have to pass through derision and even opposition. And finally a stage of willing acceptance would not be far off. There are ample examples of such developments if one goes through the history of mankind over the last few centuries. Bloom is however is too much obsessed about Shakespeare. No doubt, he is brilliant among the brilliants, but Blooms overreacts as for the glory that Shakespeare was, is and will be! Well, that is Bloom’s personal opinion, and one need not agree with it. An author writes true to his convictions. He doesn’t write to please someone. Reading Bloom’s book should be the beginning of the literary saga for any individual, not the end! It should never be! Conclusion: Bloom is a highly evolved individual, and he seems to have crossed the last hurdle of the mind-barrier. He has repeatedly knocked the portals of spirituality, but he has not entered it. He has, however, succeeded in taking certain potshots at it. If he were to cross it, his perspective about the entire mass of literature, would have changed, and he would have understood the meaningfulness and meaningless of the literary classics. But from his intellectual level, he has given the best possible explanations and views about the Western Canon. ============= Works Cited: Bloom, Harold: Book: The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages: Paperback: 560 pages Publisher: Riverhead Trade; 1st Riverhead Ed edition (September 1, 1995) Language: English ISBN-10: 1573225142 ISBN-13: 978-1573225144

Effects of Globalization on the Labor Market

Effects of Globalization on the Labor Market Nowadays, the unemployment rates in the United States are significantly increasing. Many people are losing their jobs. Therefore, many people are trying to find out the reason that causes this high unemployment rates. In spite of the government and individual decision is one of the factors that affect the employment rates; however certainty globalization is also the main factor of this issue. One the connection between globalization and unemployment is the number of competitors rising, which make some local firm has no matches with their competitors. The other connection between globalization and unemployment which consumers have more choice of good and services which may cause local firms lose their monopoly of the market within the country. However, globalization might increase employment in some countries where labor costs are less, for example in China where labor cost is cheaper, therefore global firms will have their industries in China. Globalization of market is a mega trend which is inevitable that had altered the international business backdrop by allowing both obtaining and marketing activities on a global level. Nonetheless, peoples are having mix feelings toward globalization which people may agree that trades will benefit consumers but at the same time it also impact on labor market on global level. Employees who lose their jobs due to globalization have to go through some time before discovery a new employment opportunity. During the transition, job reallocations will significantly increase the rate of unemployment (Felbermayr, Prat Schmerer, 2011). Nevertheless, market globalization is not a recent phenomenon since it has taking place when humans started to interact with other peoples over long distance in different regions. Although globalization is not new, however at the start of the nineteenth century, globalization was distant from the minds of politicians, businessmen, and voters in the world (ORourke Williamson, 2001, p. 1). According to Cavusgil (1993), in modern era, one of the greatest interesting developments would be the globalization of markets. Reich (1998) stated that the meaning of globalization remains as elusive as to defy definition. Indeed, to suggest the concept is contested would indicate that there are at least some general schools of thought on the issue (p. 3). Hence, the globalization of markets is best reflected in the internalization of business transaction (Cavusgil, 1993, p. 84). For instance, the transaction might involve a foreign parties or currencies. Besides that, the term globalization is no t a simple substance because this term applied to many different developments; still globalization has rooted with the concept that included a description and a prescription. The description could be the world were more bound to the flows or finance and trade; the prescription is the development of world that was in everyones attention (Stalker, 2000). In this paper, I will try to discuss the issues of globalization impact on global level, and its consequences. II. GLOBALIZATION a) What is Globalization? Globalization is being recognized as something as surprising and innovative which is out of human control (Stalker, 2000). Guillà ©n (2001) mentioned the term Globalization is used to encompass increases in trade and liberalization policies as well as reductions in transportation costs and technology transfer (p. 5). Globalization has been applied many different processes, therefore the meaning itself became indefinable. In simplest way to describe globalization may refer to a growing number of multiple events happening simultaneously in more than single country (Stalker, 2000). b) Five dimensions of Globalization There are at least five dimensions of globalization, first of all is the integration and interdependence of domestic economies. Reinicke (2000) explained that the concepts of interdependence and globalization often are used interchangeably, many studies characterize globalization as the the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders (p. 5). Another dimension of globalization is the rise of regional economic integration blocs, for example, two or more countries formed a free trade area in order to defend against globalization (Stubbs, 2000). Firm and governments also start international currency trading in trade and investment although the scales for trade and investment are very diverse (Garrett, 2000). Fourth dimension is the globalization of production; Ernst (1999) stated that by concentrating production within one region, a firm can generate closer, faster, and more cost-effective interaction between different stages of the value chain t han it can ever hope to achieve once it starts moving production abroad (p. 24). Lastly, many services firms are undergoing globalization of services that expanding their business cross border and seek for low cost due to the reduction of transport costs since the dramatic strides in telecommunications technology have slashed the distance barriers between countries (Hufbauer Warren, 1999, p. 7). III. EMPLOYMENT RATES Rama (2003) stated that one of the matter that globalization can affect the developing country is the labor market. Increased import penetration, export sales, competition in services, foreign direct investment and exchange rate fluctuations prompted by international capital movements could all, in principle, have an impact on employment and labor earnings (Rama, 2003, p. 5). Besides that, there are many issues caused by globalization, one of it was the globalization affects the flexibility of workers through national borderlines and domestic labor organizations might not be sufficient to safeguard their fundamental rights of their workers (Stalker, 2000). Besides that, globalization has been connected with variations in labor market, for instance, the variations in the structure and level of labor demand, in skill scarcities and relative salaries (Orbeta, 2002). In order to become more competitive, many countries reduce their trade and investment barriers, eliminate their legal mono polies, transfer their public-sector enterprises and reduce over-staffing in their swollen organizations. Hence, these modifications could lead to the huge loss of job and significantly increase unemployment rates (Rama, 2003). IV. LABOR MARKET The increases in globalization have been escorted in the United State by drops in industrial and manufacturing employment rate and the demand for less skilled labor and the increases in earnings inequality. The swift rising of earnings inequality and low wage growth are fundamentally a US Phenomenon. Though there are many countries that did not involve the growth in earnings inequality, and unemployment. However, there are still a number of countries that did not experience those issues (Blanchflower, 2000). a) Income Inequality The ideal measure of inequality would be based on comparisons of individuals well-being over their entire lifetime (Goldberg Pavcnik, 2007, p. 45). According to Sachs (1998), he believes that globalization would lead to greater overall growth rates for nearly all economies. Moreover, there would not be a trade-off among faster growth and slower growth. Besides that, Sachs (1998) also mentioned the separation of salary between labor and capital; hence the post-tax income of capital is restricted relative to the post tax income of labor as a result of globalization and especially globalization that leads to openness of financial markets and not just of trade (p. 8). Moreover, globalization will lower the income of unskilled worker in the developed countries and increase the income of unskilled worker in the developing countries (Sachs, 1998). It is because the rise in inequality recognized in many developing countries had been connected with the rise of skill premium, for example the salary gap between unskilled worker and the skilled worker (Goldberg Pavcnik, 2007, p. 45). Goldberg and Pavcnik (2007) also stated that the definition of skill varies depending on the kind of data employed (p. 46). This case occurs between developed country and developing country when they start to trading with each other (Sachs, 1998). Nonetheless, international trade could affect the employment rate; hence this could explain the inequality in U.S. increased and the increase in Europe unemployment. Thus, the increased trade with countries high in unskilled labor could lead to the increase in quality of skill (Krugman, 1994). However, this case will raise the demand for skilled workers, while reduced the demand for unskilled workers. Therefore, the skill- abundant country will export skill-intensive goods and import labor- intensive products, and as a result will shift its production toward skill-intensive sectors and away from labor-intensive sectors (Krugman, 1994, p. 67). For i nstance, the rise of China as a foremost manufacturing exporter, and rapidly improve in the skill level of the work; when a country with plentiful unskilled workers reduce their barrier of trade, this have a tendency to lower the price of labor-intensive goods, hence initiating other country to move out of these sectors (Krugman, 1994). Hence, those unskilled workers in a country might lose their jobs. b) Skill premium The increase in the skill premium in the developed country is mainly the result of skill-biased technological change (Krugman, 1994, p. 70). Although the wages of skilled workers had increased, most areas had increased the ratio of skilled to unskilled workers in their labor force. Hence, this shows a change in the production purpose that increases the marginal product of the skilled workers to the unskilled workers. Nevertheless, the technology surely had played a main role in the increased premium on skill, in the increased rate of European unemployment (Krugman, 1994). V. IMMIGRATION International migration became a key issue in globalization since the migration in recently was the key factors in industrialization, colonialism, and nation building (Castles, 2006). Freeman (2006) stated that the United Nations has projected that in year 2000 nearby 175 million people not lived inside their birth place. Moreover, the United Nations has estimated about 190 million immigrants by 2005, more than 82.5 million immigrants in 1970. It is because many people migrate to other countries to advance their careers, or just out of a sense of adventure, for most people the main reason is the prospect of earning more money (Stalker, 2000, p. 21). For instance, the Mexicans can earn 278 dollar per week in the United State compared to 31 dollar per week in Mexico. However, from the year1950s onward, there is much migration into Europe because of labor shortages. For example, West Indians flow into United Kingdom to fill up those unfilled vacancies. On the other hand, in the recent y ears there is argument for the impact of immigration in Western Europe. It is because the immigration now interprets for the loose of population growth in the European Union. Many spectators have also noted that enlarged immigration is more likely to be part of strategy to keep European social security systems flush. Furthermore, the increase in immigration is related with high levels of anti-foreigner sentiment, since immigrants take jobs from local is common in Europe (Bauer, Lofstrom, and Zimmermann, 2000 as cited in Angrist Kugler, 2003). Therefore, Altonji Card (1991) found that for every 1 percent increase of the immigrants, the wages of the local worker will decrease by approximately 1.2 percent. In the model of immigration, immigrants tend to decrease earnings of substitute aspects and increase the earnings of complementary aspects (Freeman, 2006). Therefore, some hotel industries or manufacturers will tend to hire low wages immigrant instead of local worker, in the result , the local workers will lose their job, hence the employment rate among the local will decrease. VI. DISCUSSION Globalization has been applied in many different processes, this trend is mostly inevitable. The increase in globalization causes inequality in most countries. However establishing a causal connection between the trends is very challenging. Furthermore, the labor market is one of the main networks through which globalization can affect many countries. For example the increased export sales, import penetration, , foreign direct investment, competition in services and exchange rate variations stimulated by international capital movements, hence it have an impact on labor and employment. Besides that, job destruction proceeds faster than job creation, hence many countries may escort high unemployment rates by many years. However, only a part of the unemployed in developing countries are out of job due to globalization. The lineup for government job is common among the educated youth. It is because those unemployed used to work in the private sector, which is not directly affected by exp osure to world markets. Moreover, unemployment rates did not seen to be higher in the more open economy. Labor migration is mainly a global phenomenon and other areas are also sighted shifting pattern of migration, besides that international labor flow always mixed with refugees. Its not only the political issue create refugee, but also refugee status is a way of avoiding immigration controls. VII. CONCLUSION In my opinion, there is something we can do against the increasingly inequality and unemployment rates. In order to deal with the inequality and unemployment in United State, human capital investment can provide two solutions for the problem. First, training and education can help those workers who do not go to college. Educated workers tend to be more productive. It also applied to the training on worker. Therefore the increase in the level of skill in the labor force would make the premium on skill smaller, and result in flatten the wage distribution. Besides that, government can also come out some regulation and policies for the immigrants or global investor in order to protect the local workers and industries. VIII. REFERENCES Altonji, J. G., Card, D. (1991). The effects of immigration on the labor market outcomes of less-skilled  natives. In Immigration, trade and the labor market (pp. 201-234). University of Chicago Press. Angrist, J. D., Kugler, A. D. (2003). Protective or counterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ productive? labour market institutions and the  effect of immigration on eu natives*. The Economic Journal, 113(488), F302-F331. Blanchflower, D. (2000). Globalization and the labor market. Trade Deficit Review Commission. Castles, S. (2006). Migration and community formation under conditions of globalization. International  migration review, 36(4), 1143-1168. Cavusgil, S. T. (1993). Globalization of Markets and its Impact on domestic Institutions. Ind. J. Global  Legal Stud., 1, 83. Ernst, D. (1997). From partial to systemic globalization: international production networks in the  electronics industry. Felbermayr, G., Prat, J., Schmerer, H. J. (2011). Globalization and labor market outcomes: wage  bargaining, search frictions, and firm heterogeneity. Journal of Economic Theory, 146(1), 39-73. Freeman, R. B. (2006). People flows in globalization (No. w12315). National Bureau of Economic  Research. Garrett, G. (2000). The causes of globalization. Comparative political studies, 33(6-7), 941-991. Goldberg, P. K., Pavcnik, N. (2007). Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries (No.  w12885). National bureau of economic research. Guillà ©n, M. F. (2001). Is globalization civilizing, destructive or feeble? A critique of five key debates in the  social science literature. Annual review of sociology, 235-260. Hassan, S. S., Kaynak, E. (1994). Market globalization: An introduction. Globalization of Consumer Markets: Structures and Strategies, International Business Press: New York, 3-17. Hufbauer, G., Warren, T. (1999). The Globalization of Services. What Has Happened. Krugman, P. (1994). Past and prospective causes of high unemployment. Economic Review-Federal  Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 79, 23-23. Lall, S. (2004). The employment impact of globalization in developing countries. Lee, E. and Vivarelli, M.(2004)(eds)Understanding Globalization, Employment and Poverty Reduction, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 73-101. Là ³pez-Cà ³rdova, E. (2005). Globalization, migration and development: The role of Mexican migrant  remittances. Economia, 6(1), 217-256. Nickell, S. (1997). Unemployment and labor market rigidities: Europe versus North America. The Journal  of Economic Perspectives, 11(3), 55-74. Orbeta, A. C. (2002). Globalization and employment: The impact of trade on employment level and  structure in the Philippines. Discussion Papers Philippine Institute for Development Studies, (4). ORourke, K. H., Williamson, J. G. (2001). Globalization and history: the evolution of a nineteenth-century Atlantic economy. Mit Press. Rama, M. (2003). Globalization and workers in developing countries. World Bank Policy research working  paper, (2958). Reich, S. (1998). What is globalization?. Four Possible Answers, Kellog Reinicke, W., and Jan Martin Witte.(2003) Interdependence, globalization and sovereignty. Commitment  and compliance: The role of non-binding norms in the international legal system (2000): 75-100. Sachs, J. (1998). Globalization and employment. A public lecture for the international institute for labor  studies. Stalker, P. (2000). Workers without frontiers: the impact of globalization on international migration.  International Labour Organization. Stubbs, R. (2000). Regionalization and globalization. Political Economy and the Changing Global Order.

Behavioral And Emotional Disorders Education Essay

Behavioral And Emotional Disorders Education Essay Behavioral/emotional disorders represent the broad category, used in educational settings among the children and adolescents with difficulties. As a fact, the observed behavior of children may depend on many factors. Emotional disturbance is a diagnostic category that includes various forms of inadequate emotional reactions (emotional numbness, unreasonable fears, inappropriate euphoria, etc..), the inability of emotional self-control (uncontrolled invasion of anger, weeping, cheerfulness, etc..), and chronic pathological changes in emotional behavior (Livingstone and Rosen, 1991). The examples of behavioral/emotional disorders  include such disabilities: PDD,  autism,  Rett syndrome,  PDD-NOS,  Asperger syndrome  and  ADHD. As a fact, it has been proved that children with special educational needs, who studied in the mainstream schools, have shown much better results in studying and development (Lehmkuhle and Garzia, 1993). These indicators are the most important. The educational process shows, that when children with some special educational needs study in the mainstream schools, they forget about their problems or defects and they consider themselves as everyone else. It is the way it should be. The results have shown, that the mainstream schools can do miracles for some children who can get better while communicating with other children, getting new friends and new sense in studying (Howell and Stanley,  1988). Childrens emotions and behavior, as a rule, hide more serious problems that can be overcome in communication and in the mainstream schools. The place where there are a lot of children, a child with a health problem will not consider himself such, as the aim of the teachers to give proper knowledge and educate children. Consequently, children who are not limited in their actions and studying usually recuperate faster and have a considerable progress combating their health problems (Arnot, 2010). Communication disorder includes the speech and language disorders, which, as a rule, refer to the problems in communication among children. Communication disorder can range from simple sound substitution to the complete inability to understand and use the language. For example, such problems as dyslexia the selective impaired ability to master reading and writing skills, while maintaining the overall ability to learn, can be overcome by allowing children with these problems study in the mainstream schools and there can be a great and unexpected benefit to their health. Children with special educational needs have to live among other people, communicate with them and to have a normal and happy life. As a fact, dyslexia is a specific type of impairment of learning, having a neurological nature.  It is characterized by the inability to quickly and accurately recognize words, to decode, learn the skills of spelling (Bailet, 2010).  These difficulties are associated with defective p honological components of language.  They exist, despite the preservation of other cognitive abilities and complete learning environment.  A second violation occurs in comprehension, lack of readers experience and vocabulary. Typically, problems in speech articulation and expression are detected in the period when the kids learns new sounds or to begin to express their thoughts.  The severity of the disease can vary greatly.  For example, in early childhood, mild forms of phonological disorders are relatively common, they are suffered by about 10% of children.  Many of them get rid of such problems, and from six or seven years only 2-3% of children to their problems meet the criteria of phonological disorders.  Similarly, expressive speech disorder (affecting 2-3%) and mixed expressive-receptive disorder (affecting less than 3%) both are relatively common for school-age children.  Fortunately, in the middle and late adolescence most children with the disorder of speech development are starting to have a normal speech.  About half of them completely got rid of problems, whereas the other half showed significant improvement, but may still remain some degree of impairment to late adolescence.  In contrast, the type of congenital disorders, course and prognosis of the disease for children with acquired type of communication disorder (occurring as a result of brain injury or paralysis) depends largely on the severity of injuries, of which it is part of the brain is damaged, and the age of the child in  time of the injury and the degree of language development at this time.   Although over time the problems themselves of the speeches usually disappear or are reduced in children with a disorder of communication, from an early age, often there are marked negative patterns of behavior (Beitchman and Young, 1997).  Such behavioral disorders are as hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit disorder may exacerbate existing problems of communication, reflected in how children interact with peers and how they cope with learning tasks.  Since teachers are increasingly aware of the importance to give children special needs and the opportunity to interact with normally developed children, the school system began to place children with various problems in common, rather than isolated classes. Placing developmentally delayed children along with their normal counterparts based on the premise that children with special needs will benefit from communicating with normally developed peers and will be spared from the effect of labeling and placement in institutions.  The effect of interaction with peers in the social field reminds of the benefits of environmental factors that influence the course of development of children with special needs (Toppelberg and Shapiro, 2000). Developmental disorder as a rule occurs at some stage in a  childs development, often retarding the development, which can include  psychological  or physical disorders. As a fact, dyslexia can be related to communication and developmental disorders. Sometimes, children with special educational needs have the lack of communication and understanding. There are many communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, and developmental disorders that can be cured. Recent research on children with communication disorders has shown that if the process of education in the mainstream schools can help these children, then they definitely have to go to the mainstream schools. There are several problems in one way or another, of each person, facing dyslexics. Most common problems are dyslexic: delay in developing the ability to read, write, memorize the spelling; disorientation in space, disorganization; difficulties with the perception of information; difficulty in recognizing words, failure to understand what has just been read; clumsiness or poor coordination; attention deficit disorder, sometimes accompanied by hyperactivity. All the symptoms of dyslexia are the symptoms of disorientation.  It is impossible to recognize dyslexia in itself, but to recognize the disorientation is quite possible.  The result of the orientation is an accurate perception of the environment, including a two-word printed on paper.  And as a result, the child cannot accept the surrounding reality as perceived her by other people. There are almost no objective methods for determining the characteristics of the brain neglect of the child.  Often in the case of low-quali ty education, for the social worker it is more convenient to make a diagnosis of dyslexia, rather than objectively investigate and determine the socio-educational background, which led to difficulties in reading (Waters, 2001). Dyslexia represents a specific learning difficulty that mainly affects reading and spelling, and it is also characterized by difficulties in processing word-sounds and weaknesses in short-term verbal memory. As a fact, dyslexia is not a result of low intelligence, merely concerned with reading difficulties, the result of poor eyesight or hearing, the result of an emotional problem, an impediment to a possible academic career or a middle-class excuse for poor academic achievement. The main areas tested for dyslexia are visual motor short-term memory, auditory memory and phonological awareness the ability to manipulate sounds within words (Solan and Brannan, 1994). Symptoms of Dyslexia may also include left/right confusions, trouble generalizing, poor concept of time, mispronunciation of multisyllabic words, difficulties in organizing self/time/work or easily distracted. The possible areas of difficulties are: reading: learning to decode, using sounds (phonemes), selecting materials, retaining what has been read, keeping up with set reading, spelling: interfering with written expression and choice of vocabulary, note-taking: copying quickly and accurately, distinguishing main points, writing and listening simultaneously, and writing: handwriting, written expression, sentence structure, punctuation, grammar, planning and structuring written work, sequencing ideas, editing and proof-reading. Possible areas of difficulty can also be: oral language: taking in information, misunderstanding instructions or information, sorting what is said in group discussion, word-finding, pronunciation; examinations: timed conditions exacerbate reading, writing and spelling problems, recall of information, achieving marks in line with course work; presentations: lack of confidence, word-finding problems, pronunciation, reading out loud, losing place, sequencing information, organizing time, easily distracted, clumsy use of equipment. As a fact, there can also occur different problems, connected with dyscalculia- problems in math, visual disturbance, etc. The objectives are to help the dyslexic learner to build on existing strengths, to develop strategies for lifelong learning, to build confidence and to bring about an understanding of individual differences (Blakeslee, 1991). Towards the equity of access there should be provided help with information processing, help for reading, help with note taking, help with specialized vocabulary and help with assignments. Despite disadvantages that the mainstream schools can represent for children, children with communication and developmental disorders will benefit from communication with classmates an d will not pay attention to their health problem (Williams  and LeCluyse, 1992). Another example of developmental disorder is Autism. Autism is a serious violation of the mental development, which primarily affected the ability to communicate, the social interaction.  Behavior of children with autism is also characterized by a rigid stereotype (of repeating the basic movements such as shaking hands or jumping to complex rituals), and often destructive (aggression, self-harm, shouting, negativism, etc.).   Level of intellectual development in autism may be the most diverse: from severe mental retardation to giftedness in certain areas of knowledge and art, in some cases, children with autism have no speech, marked abnormalities in motor development, attention, perception, emotional and other areas of the psyche.  More than 80% of children with autism are the people with disabilities    Exceptional diversity spectrum disorders and their severity can reasonably assume that training and education of children with autism the most challenging section of Correctional Pedagogy (Wolk and Giesen, 2010). Physical disorders. As an example of the physical disorder can be named Developmental Co-ordination Disorder. Developmental Co-ordination Disorder is a subtly different condition by definition, in practice, and very similar to dyspraxia. Dyspraxia is a lifelong developmental disability and co-ordination, which is more common in males than in females, affecting an estimated 8-10% of all children.  Ripley, Daines and Barrett say it in developed dyspraxia it is difficult to let his body do what we want and when we want to do it and that these difficulties can be regarded as significant when they  in the range of normal activities are expected of children of a certain age. As a fact, Developmental Co-ordination Disorder has main characteristics, such as common, clumsy children, chronic health condition, co-morbid and consequences. It has been also proved, that Developmental Co-ordination Disorder affects one child in every classroom. Developmental Co-ordination Disorder also has an impact on the family, which consists of the facts that parental concerns often not heard or acknowledged, there is frustration with health care and educational systems, overprotective world as a hostile place, stress regarding daily activities around the home, aggression and criticism from strangers, embarrassment and relieved once diagnosis any diagnosis is made. The other term clumsy child syndrome refers to the gross and fine motor difficulties of the patient.  The condition affects both the ability of action planning and action learning, for example, the storage functions in the brain is for action. The cause of developmental dyspraxia may be a result of immature neurons development.  Dyspraxia is often part of a continuum of related coordination and developmental disorders.   The Dyspraxia is often associated with other disorders, such as with Aspergers syndrome, autism, dyslexia and dyscalculia. Life experiences of resilient young adults with DCD include coordination difficulties are context-specific, the facts that they can struggle, as children, with issues of social isolation and lack of participation, they remember pull-out therapy and being made to work on handwriting very negatively, social/emotional health and life course can improve when kids enter good secondary school and effective teaching accommodations and support are critical factors. The experience shows, that allowing children visit mainstream schools and to live as normal children without serious health problems, children get more relaxed and able to understand more things. This way, their developmental processes accelerate and they have more desire to study. Communication, as a fact, helps a lot for those who especially need it. The other example is Dyspraxia an impairment of the ability to automatically execute specific movements in the absence of any paralysis or paresis of the muscles involved in movement.  The subject must voluntarily control every persons move, which is very expensive care, and makes the coordination of complex movements of everyday life extremely difficult, so it is rarely achieved.  It is a developmental apraxia of origin. Dyspraxia is a little known disability that concerns, however 3% to 6% of children.  Three quarters of children who are suffering from this disability are not diagnosed.  Dyspraxia often goes unnoticed because it is invisible.  It is sometimes blamed on a mentally retarded or ill will. There are many types of dyspraxia. Possible symptoms are: developmental disorders engines: slowness, clumsiness, difficulty performing voluntary movements, coordinated (walking, cycling, swimming, ball games, cut his meat, dressing, brushing teeth, tying shoelaces); dysgraphia: difficulty in handwriting and automate the handwriting; eye problems (oculomotor): jerks and eye tracking, visual fixation: difficulties with reading, following his line to locate a page and adopt an exploration strategy of the page; speech: oral apraxia facial-lingual, speech difficulties; speech and language disorders (pseudo-dyslexia driven by dyspraxia), language difficulties writing logical-mathematical problems: difficulties to ask operations in columns, to understand the mathematical facts, problems sequences, difficulty in positioning itself in time. Consequently, Developmental Co-ordination Disorder, dyslexia, communication, physical and developmental disorders can be cured and they have to be cured. Sometimes, it is enough to communicate with a person and to help him, and he will feel better. Community should not avoid communicating with people with some defects or health problems. And as well, there have to be created special policies considering these issues. That is why it is more beneficial for the society to allow the children with certain disorders to visit mainstream schools and to be able recuperate faster. The social issues are considered the most important for people and that is why there have to be conditions for the comfortable living for all people.

Testosterone and Infidelity Essay -- Extramarital affair, Infidelity,

A man has been married to his wife for seven years. The couple has two beautiful children, a fabulous home, and appear to have the perfect marriage. After the husband leaves work one afternoon, he decides to stop in at the local bar. The man sits at a table in the corner of the room. Not long after his arrival, a woman approaches him. She asks the man if she can join him at his table. The two seem to have quite a bit in common and enjoy each other’s company. The woman asks if he would like to go back to her apartment. He has not had a fight with his wife today. In fact, she surprised him with a love note in his briefcase. Their sex life is enjoyable, frequent, and without complaint. The couple is not currently having financial problems. Despite this, why did the man decide to leave with a stranger and cheat on his wife? A great deal of research has been carried out on the topic of infidelity. Marital therapists have reported that more than half of the couples t hey counsel are in therapy as a result of infidelity (Atkins, Jacobson citation). Therapists also consider an extramarital affair as, â€Å"one of the most damaging relationship events and one of the most difficult problems to treat in couples therapy† (whisman predicting sexual infidelity†¦). Some therapists estimate that 50% to 65% of couples seek help after an incident of infidelity in their relationship (Atkins, Jacobson & Baucom). Identifying the reasons for this problem are essential to the success of its reduction. Infidelity is not a new phenomenon. However, there was little research on the topic until the late 1970’s (Drigotas & Barta, 2001). Numerous factors have been examined while trying to determine the root cause for extramarital relationships a... ...irections and implications. In a future study, a satisfaction questionnaire could be included to examine a participant’s current marital satisfaction prior to exposure to their condition. A study should be conducted using an older sample of male participants in order to see if results would be different as a result of the decreased levels of testosterone in that age group. In addition, future researchers should consider investigating homosexuality, testosterone, and infidelity. There is no research that address homosexuality, testosterone. and infidelity. As such, future research should explore these aspects. Research dedicated to biological reasons for infidelity is an important and necessary contribution to reduce the worldwide epidemic of divorce. Understanding the effect (effect or affect?) testosterone has on infidelity is another step in this process.

Pros and Cons of Computer Technology :: Computers

Pros and Cons of Computer Technology In the last couple of decades, compute technology has expanded enormously and has become part of our daily lives. Many of us use computers at work, school and even at home. We are at the point where we can not return to our old lifestyles because we have accustomed ourselves to an easier way of life through computers. There are many advantages to working with computers as well as disadvantages. The implementation of computers in our society has helped facilitate our lives. Computers can help us create and edit documents very easily and can help us speed up work. It is now easier to communicate and send documents through computers at the push of a button. The Internet and E-mail services are just two examples of many features that computers can offer. There are many benefits that technology can offer but not everyone has the sufficient background or training required. Computer literacy is a demand in today's work force and is mostly affecting the older generation. The older generation is at a disadvantage compared to the younger generation that is already being exposed to computers at school. Computer skills are a major issue and will force the older generation to return to school for training. The older generation will have to live with this drastic change and will be forced to adapt to our technology otherwise they will be left behind. Many people feel that computers have eliminated thousands of jobs. For example, in the "Interview with the Luddite", Kirkpatrick Sale states, "We have an estimated 6 million people who have lost their jobs to automation, or overseas shops, since 1988". Kevin Kelly on the other hand disagrees with Kirkpatrick Sale and states, " It's leading them to study coputers and to learn how to get a job with computers". "The number of jobs created by computers and technology is rally more sizable". I agree with Kevin Kelly on the fact that computers and technology has generated just as many and even more jobs to our society than it has eliminated. I feel that computers do not mean that jobs will be eliminated because we still need people to run these machines but that people need to be trained in a different skill. For example, many years ago the Engineering Industry use to develop blue print projects by hand. Today Engineers use different types of computer software such as Cad Key, Auto Cad, an d Micro Station which require cmputer training in the specific software.

Spas in Roman Times :: essays research papers

What is the â€Å"spa†? The word â€Å"spa† is rooted in the Latin language and means â€Å"salus per aquam.† For those of you who are not very polished on your Latin, that means â€Å"health from water.† â€Å"Spa† is also the name of a small village in Belgium where hot mineral springs were discovered by ancient Romans and used by soldiers to treat aching muscles and wounds from battle. When? It is unclear when the Romans used the first public bath, but during the reign of Caesar Augustus from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D., there were approximately 170 baths throughout Rome.At this time, citizens of Rome began to view baths as a way of providing rest, relaxation, and solace to all people, not just those weary of war. Spa in England In 70 A.D., the Romans built a spa and dedicated it, as a shrine consisting of a reservoir around the hot springs at Bath, in what is now England, a complex series of baths, and a temple, to the honor of the goddess Sulis Minerva. As the Roman Empire grew, so did the number of public baths. By the year 300 A.D., there were over 900 baths throughout the empire. The oldest Roman spa still in existence today is located in Merano, Italy, providing evidence of the idea that the Romans used natural springs in an organized manner to provide treatments. Types of Spa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After exercising, bathers entered the tepidarium, a room where they would prepare for their bath. The first step was to remove the oil from their body. Oil was used as a substitute for soap, which was reserved for only the very wealthy in ancient Rome, then scraped off with an implement known as a strigil, removing dirt and grime with it. Upon completing this step, bathers were ready to enter the caladarium. This room was very hot and filled with steam, created by sunken pools of hot water. Some baths also included a room that was very hot and dry, very much like our modern day saunas, called a laconicum. Visits to the hot rooms were followed by a visit to the frigidarium. As the name implies, this room was cold and served to close pores that were open from sweating in the hot rooms. This room also frequently contained either a small pool of cold water for washing away sweat or a large pool of cold water for swimming.

Hannah’s Prayer

DALLAS BAPTIST UNIVERSITY OT NARRATIVE LITERATURE: 1 Samuel 1:1-28 BIBLE STUDY SUBMITTED TO DR. BLACKABY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE APPLIED HERMENUTICS THEO 5313 01 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LEADERSHIP BY Glenda Juarez DALLAS, TEXAS February 19, 2013 Outline for the bible study * Introduction * Context of the Bible Study * Literary Context * Historical Context * Characters * Content of the Bible Study * Exegetical Notes * Theological Principles Application of the Bible Study * Bibliography INTRODUCTION 1 Samuel is one the two books that have his name, the firsts chapters describes event as his birth, his childhood, his calling and develops his important place in history as a prophet to introduce people like Saul and David that will mark the history of Israel in such a great way. We are focusing on the first chapter of 1 Samuel, which shows us the background of Samuel’s birth through his father Elkanah and his mother Hannah.Scholars agree that is not reve aled with precision the author of 1 and 2 Samuel, but according to the Scriptures is believed that the prophets Samuel, Nathan and Gad were authors of these wonderful events in the history of the Bible. Samuel became a man of God used for his glory, but before this happened, he was consecrated by his mother Hannah, a woman of God and faith. This first chapter will help us to learn from each character in this passage and to apply principles and to give steps of faith in our own lives. CONTEXT OF THE BIBLE STUDY Literary Context: The first chapter of 1 Samuel opens the introduction of a family, of a woman who is added to the list of many other women in the Bible that could not have children. The main character in this chapter is Hannah, a woman deeply broken for not having children. * The first chapter of 1 Samuel follows Judges. â€Å"The last chapters of the book of Judges, with their refrain, there was no king in Israel, (Jdg. 21:25) prepares the way for new developments in Israel ’s leadership†. * The time at Israel was crucial in history because it was transitioning from the rule of the judges, for they did whatever the want to do. Israel felt the need of who would unite tribes, have an effective standing army, and be a match for those who led their enemies to victory† * Israel was struggling with the different opinions of the people they were asking and desiring for a king to reign over them, and here comes in the story the leadership of Samuel who years after with God’s authority was going to set a man as the King. * Samuel’s birth opened the new era of monarchy. Historical Context * It is though that the story takes place in the â€Å"era of the Judges†, but introducing new characters that will be develop in the two books of Samuel. Based on David Toshio, he mentions: â€Å"It was not until ca. 1200 B. C. that iron technology influences every phase of life. With this as the historical background, the First Book of Samuel begins. † * Toshio agrees with Baldwin that the first book of Samuel is placed in the â€Å"period of the judges†, probably in the mid-eleventh century. Characters: * Elkanah: Man from Ramathaim, who had two wives. A man that yearly offered sacrifice to worship the Lord. (v. 3) * Hannah: Wife of Elkanah who loved her and which had no children. (v. 5) * Peninnah: one of Elkanah’s wife. A jellous woman who provoked Hannah to irritate her. v. 6) * Eli: Priest that talked to Hannah, who thought she was drunk, but who believes that God answer prayers. (v. 18) * Hophi and Phineas: Two sons of Eli that were priests in Shilo. (v. 3) * Samuel: Meaning: â€Å"Because I asked the Lord for Him†. (v. 20) The son of Hannah and Elkanah, a gift from God dedicated to him, a man who years later established kingship in Israel. Places * Ramathaim-Zophim (Ramah): means â€Å"high† * Shiloh: city that was twelve milles far away from Ramah, place where Elkanahâ₠¬â„¢s family offered sacrifices to God every year. CONTENT OF THE BIBLE STUDY Exegetical Notes * v. A man from Ramathaim; Elkanah the ephramite. â€Å"The phrase ‘the Ephrathities’: can refer either to ‘those hailing from Ephrath’ or ‘Ephraimites,’ members of the northern tribe of Ephraim† (Jdg 12:5). Toshio relates Elkanah as an ephramite but that he might have been of bethelehemite stock rather than being ephramite even he lived in the hill country of Ephraim. * v. 2, 5 Elkanah had two wives. In Israel was acceptable under certain circumstances, when his first wife failed to have children. This was the case of Elkanah, he married Hannah for love, and this love persisted even she did not have children. * v. -4 There was a yearly action that Elkanah and his family did. â€Å"Elkanah’s inclination and ability to take his family on an annual pilgrimage to Shiloh suggest that he was pious and also a man of some substance†. Elk anah seemed to be fair with his family. * v. 6-8 Peninnah was her tormentor, she was jealous and provoked Hannah in despite Elkanah love her. For women in the ancient Israel the honor and reputation was measured by the amount of children they had. It was hard for Hannah to deal with her situation plus the rivalry of Peninnah, she probably felt ashamed of before Peninnah’s attitude, she felt unuseful as Elkanah’s ife, and she wept for her sorrow and for the desire of any woman in the world. * v. 9-11 â€Å"I will give him to the Lord† suggests that Hannah that God has all the power to open the womb. â€Å"Hannah took the opportunity to pray† she had no hesitation, she did not realize Eli was there, her desperation, her cried, her sorrow moved her to pray and express to God what she was going through. She dedicated her son, the thing she was asking a son, and she made a vow to God. â€Å"Vow accounts are always prayers and they follow a typical order.By ma king the vow the worshipper enters into a binding relationship with God† â€Å"The sentence I will give him to the Lord has a performative force; it shows not only that Hannah promises it but also that she has already given him by faith† * v. 12-18 It begins a dialogue with Eli, her agony captures the attention of Eli that he thought she was drunk. Can you imagine that picture? Have you prayed in that way? â€Å"The expression pouring out my soul denotes not simply an inward state of one’s heart or mind but an involvement of the whole being† Hannah responds to Eli in a positive way, after we see in v. she did not want to eat because of her pain and sadness she left and she ate v. 18 She was deeply encouraged because of the words Eli told her which she took them as God’s promise. * v. 19 The next morning they arose and worshipped before the Lord. â€Å"Though the family made an early start, they worshipped before the setting off for home. The Lord r emembered Hannah, as he had remembered Noah (Gen 8:1), and his suggest covenant with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Ex. 2:24), not to suggest that his memory was faulty but to indicate that He was about to work out his unfolding purpose† * v. 0 Hannah named her son: SAMUEL â€Å"Because I asked the Lord for him†. These were the words Hannah said when she named her son. However scholars agree that this meaning will go better with the name of Saul, and that the meaning of Samuel comes from â€Å"the Name of God† * v. 21-25 â€Å"Samuel was probably about three years old before he was taken to the house of the Lord at Shiloh† Elkanah and Hannah returned Samuel to God, and the boy ministered to the Lord before Eli (1 Sam 2:11) * v. 26-28 Here the dedication of Hannah is completed and irrevocable.Hannah worshipped God and recognized the gift He gave her, recognized His power to answer her prayer and dedicated his son to the Lord. Theology Principles * â€Å"The con sistent worship offered by Elkanah and his family year by year set a positive example of faithful and godly living† * Hannah’s pain took her to pray and seek God’s answer of love. * God turns our sorrows to joy and peace. * A vow to God, talked about Hannah’s faith and trust in the Lord. * Fulfilling a vow reflects Obedience. * Hannah’s prayer could be a selfish prayer, but when things come from God, He answers to take all the Glory and Honor.APPLICATION OF THE BIBLE STUDY It is amazing how the study of the Scriptures takes you to know things that maybe sometimes we do not think about them. Hannah’s is the main character in this passage, her faith in the Lord, her honest prayer the way she pours out her broken heart before God, and how God works for us to give him the glory. I will mention some applications I found through this Bible Study: * As humans we will have to deal with people that will provoke, and through Hannah’s attitude we need to be controlled and not respond them in the same way and be humbled because God exalts the humble and listen to him. Psalms 10:17) * The Lord closed Hannah’s womb (1 Sam 1:5); there are things that God has set already in our lives in which He has the control over them, but Hannah fought against her situation, self-esteem, and the mockery and thoughts the people had about her, we will face hard sad and desperate moments in life, but we need to be ready to fight and to know the value we have in God, no matter our situation. * Cry out to our God in perseverance. (v. 11) God will respond. (Jer 33:3) * Give a step in faith and make a vow to God.He will receive you. (Heb 11:6) * Worship, worship, worship! In bad in good, in trouble in peace. Worship Him, Hannah worshipped him in her agony but also worshipped God when He provides and satisfied the desires of her heart. * Value the people is on your side, Elkanah was a good man that loved Hannah in every situation, open your e yes and love the people that has been with you in the happy and hard moments of your life. * Hannah was a great model of person, recognize always the sovereing and the power that only God has. BIBLIOGRAPHY . Baldwin, Joyce G. , 1 and 2 Samuel An Introduction And Commentary (England: Inter Varsity Press, 1988) 2. Toshio Tsumura, David The First Book of SAMUEL (Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2007) 3. Buttrick, George Arthur et al. , The Interpreter’s Bible The Holy Scriptures (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953) 4. Cartledge, Tony W. Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 1 & 2 Samuel (Georgia: Smyth & Helwys, 2001) 5. Allen, Clifton J. The Broadman Bible Commentary Volume 3 1 Samuel-Nehemiah (Tennessee: Broadman Press, 1970) ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Joyce G. Baldwin, 1 and 2 Samuel An Introduction And Commentary (England: Inter Varsity Press, 1988), 49 [ 2 ]. Ibid. , 49 [ 3 ]. Ibid. , 50 [ 4 ]. David Toshio Tsumura The First Book of SAMUEL (Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 2007), 34 [ 5 ]. Ibid. , 103 [ 6 ]. George Arthur Buttrick et al. , The Interpreter’s Bible The Holy Scriptures (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1953), 876 [ 7 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 107 [ 8 ]. Tony W.Cartledge Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary 1 & 2 Samuel (Georgia: Smyth & Helwys, 2001), 27 [ 9 ]. Clifton J. Allen The Broadman Bible Commentary Volume 3 1 Samuel-Nehemiah (Tennessee: Broadman Press, 1970), 13 [ 10 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 114 [ 11 ]. Cartledge, 27 [ 12 ]. Buttrick et, all. , 880 [ 13 ]. Baldwin, 52 [ 14 ]. Cartledge, 32 [ 15 ]. Toshio Tsumura, 118 [ 16 ]. Ibid. , 121 [ 17 ]. Ibid. , 122 [ 18 ]. Baldwin 53 [ 19 ]. Buttrick et al. , 881 [ 20 ]. Allen, 15 [ 21 ]. Buttrick et al. , 882 [ 22 ]. Baldwin, 52

Operation Magement

PROBLEMS 1. Lead time for one of Montegut Manufacturing's fastest moving products is 4 days. Demand during this period averages 100 units per day. What would be an appropriate re-order point? Re-order point = demand during lead time = 100 units/day * 4 days = 400 units. 2. Montegut Manufacturing produces a product for which the annual demand is 10,000 units. Production averages 100 per day, while demand is 40 per day. Holding costs are $1. 00 per unit per year; set-up costs $200. 00. If they wish to produce this product in economic batches, what size batch should be used?What is the maximum inventory level? How many order cycles are there per year? How much does management of this good in inventory cost the firm each year? This problem requires economic order quantity, noninstantaneous delivery. [pic]or 1826 units. The maximum inventory level is [pic]or 1095 units. There are approximately [pic] cycles per year. Annual inventory management costs total [pic]= $2,190. 89 or $2,191. 3. C entral University uses $123,000 of a particular toner cartridge for laser printers in the student computer labs each year.The purchasing director of the university estimates the ordering cost at $45 and thinks that the university can hold this type of inventory at an annual storage cost of 22% of the purchase price. How many months' supply should the purchasing director order at one time to minimize the total annual cost of purchasing and carrying? First, calculate the EOQ from the data provided. In this problem, the â€Å"units† are dollars, and the â€Å"price† of each is 1. [pic] One month's usage is 123000/12 = $10,250. EOQ = 7094. Month’s usage = 7094/10250 = 0. 9, or about three week’s usage. (This is supported by the order frequency of 17 per year). 4. The soft goods department of a large department store sells 175 units per month of a certain large bath towel. The unit cost of a towel to the store is $2. 50 and the cost of placing an order has bee n estimated to be $12. 00. The store uses an inventory carrying charge of 27% per year. Determine the optimal order quantity, order frequency, and the annual cost of inventory management. If, through automation of the purchasing process, the ordering cost can be cut to $4. 0, what will be the new economic order quantity, order frequency, and annual inventory management cost? Explain these results. Annual demand is 175 x 12 = 2100. At S=$12, the EOQ is 273 units, and there are about 8 orders per year. Annual costs of inventory management are $184. 44. These results are detailed in the calculations below. [pic]; [pic] [pic] At S=$4, EOQ falls to 158, and order frequency rises to 13. Annual inventory management costs fall to $106. 48. The lower order cost encourages smaller, more frequent orders. pic]; [pic] [pic] 5. A printing company estimates that it will require 1,000 reams of a certain type of paper in a given period. The cost of carrying one unit in inventory for that period is 5 0 cents. The company buys the paper from a wholesaler in the same town, sending its own truck to pick up the orders at a fixed cost of $20. 00 per trip. Treating this cost as the order cost, what is the optimum number of reams to buy at one time? How many times should lots of this size be bought during this period?What is the minimum cost of maintaining inventory on this item for the period? Of this total cost, how much is carrying cost and how much is ordering cost? This is an EOQ problem, even though the time period is not a year. All that is required is that the demand value and the carrying cost share the same time reference. This will require approximately 3. 5 orders per period. Setup costs and carrying costs are each $70. 71, and the annual total is $141. 42. [pic]; [pic] Carrying cost =[pic]; setup cost = [pic] Operation Magement PROBLEMS 1. Lead time for one of Montegut Manufacturing's fastest moving products is 4 days. Demand during this period averages 100 units per day. What would be an appropriate re-order point? Re-order point = demand during lead time = 100 units/day * 4 days = 400 units. 2. Montegut Manufacturing produces a product for which the annual demand is 10,000 units. Production averages 100 per day, while demand is 40 per day. Holding costs are $1. 00 per unit per year; set-up costs $200. 00. If they wish to produce this product in economic batches, what size batch should be used?What is the maximum inventory level? How many order cycles are there per year? How much does management of this good in inventory cost the firm each year? This problem requires economic order quantity, noninstantaneous delivery. [pic]or 1826 units. The maximum inventory level is [pic]or 1095 units. There are approximately [pic] cycles per year. Annual inventory management costs total [pic]= $2,190. 89 or $2,191. 3. C entral University uses $123,000 of a particular toner cartridge for laser printers in the student computer labs each year.The purchasing director of the university estimates the ordering cost at $45 and thinks that the university can hold this type of inventory at an annual storage cost of 22% of the purchase price. How many months' supply should the purchasing director order at one time to minimize the total annual cost of purchasing and carrying? First, calculate the EOQ from the data provided. In this problem, the â€Å"units† are dollars, and the â€Å"price† of each is 1. [pic] One month's usage is 123000/12 = $10,250. EOQ = 7094. Month’s usage = 7094/10250 = 0. 9, or about three week’s usage. (This is supported by the order frequency of 17 per year). 4. The soft goods department of a large department store sells 175 units per month of a certain large bath towel. The unit cost of a towel to the store is $2. 50 and the cost of placing an order has bee n estimated to be $12. 00. The store uses an inventory carrying charge of 27% per year. Determine the optimal order quantity, order frequency, and the annual cost of inventory management. If, through automation of the purchasing process, the ordering cost can be cut to $4. 0, what will be the new economic order quantity, order frequency, and annual inventory management cost? Explain these results. Annual demand is 175 x 12 = 2100. At S=$12, the EOQ is 273 units, and there are about 8 orders per year. Annual costs of inventory management are $184. 44. These results are detailed in the calculations below. [pic]; [pic] [pic] At S=$4, EOQ falls to 158, and order frequency rises to 13. Annual inventory management costs fall to $106. 48. The lower order cost encourages smaller, more frequent orders. pic]; [pic] [pic] 5. A printing company estimates that it will require 1,000 reams of a certain type of paper in a given period. The cost of carrying one unit in inventory for that period is 5 0 cents. The company buys the paper from a wholesaler in the same town, sending its own truck to pick up the orders at a fixed cost of $20. 00 per trip. Treating this cost as the order cost, what is the optimum number of reams to buy at one time? How many times should lots of this size be bought during this period?What is the minimum cost of maintaining inventory on this item for the period? Of this total cost, how much is carrying cost and how much is ordering cost? This is an EOQ problem, even though the time period is not a year. All that is required is that the demand value and the carrying cost share the same time reference. This will require approximately 3. 5 orders per period. Setup costs and carrying costs are each $70. 71, and the annual total is $141. 42. [pic]; [pic] Carrying cost =[pic]; setup cost = [pic]

Project Management Plan Success

Review the list of reasons why plans fail as described in Ch. 11 of Project Management. Which of these reasons applies to defining and sequencing activities? As a project manager, what steps may you take to prevent your plan from failing? There are many reasons why plans fail to succeed. In discussing our answers to this question, Team C felt that in the list of reasons on why plans fail, poor planning would be on top of the list. When there are no attempts in pushing forward with already made plans, the project is bound to fail. Another reason why project plans fail is because the data in which plans are based are insufficient making it difficult for project managers to take control and give out orders. With insufficient data, the project’s scope would seize to exist. Along with not have an identified scope, the team would not know the ultimate objective of the project, and because of this, people will work towards different directions rather than one common goal. It is important that the reasons on the list are taken care of or prevented. This can be done during the defining and sequencing process. As a project manager, the steps we discussed that are necessary to be taken in order to prevent a plan from failing would be to properly develop a project’s plan. This would include defining each activity’s relevance to the project. By doing so, there is a stated initiative as well as a reason why the project is being done. In order to have a properly developed plan, we would hold a kick off meeting, which would discuss the expectations of every team member, have the purpose clearly conveyed to the team, as well as build strong and positive team energy. There would be frequent follow-ups in order to assure that each step is being completed to getting the project finished. Lastly, we would offer rewards as incentives for the team to complete their tasks efficiently and on time.